Los Modos Verbales: El Modo Indicativo El Modo Imperativo

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Transcripción de la presentación:

Los Modos Verbales: El Modo Indicativo El Modo Imperativo Habla de hechos Indica información Expresa la realidad El Modo Imperativo Da mandatos El Modo Subjuntivo Expresa la duda Expresa los deseos Cosas irreales o contrarias a la realidad

When are we in the Subjunctive Mood? WANTS,WISHES, PREFERENCES, AND DEMANDS CONCERNING OTHERS EXPRESSIONS OF EMOTION IMPERSONAL EXPRESSIONS (“It” is important) Requests, Giving Advice and Making Suggestions EXPRESSIONS OF DOUBT OR UNCERTAINTY STATEMENT OF OBLIGATIONS PERHAPS OR MAYBE This subjunctive is used after the following verbs Desear Esperar Preferir Querer Mandar Insistir en Mentir Alegrarse de Estar contento Estar triste Sorprender Gustar Es una lástima Temer Tener miedo de The subjunctive is used after the following impersonal expressions Es posible Es imposible Es probable Es improbable Es importante Es menester Es bueno Es mejor Es fácil Es difícil Es necesario No pensar & no creer represent uncertainty. Subjunctive No pienso No creer No es cierto DUDAR Es dudoso No estar seguro Pensar and creer unlike in English, represent absolute certainty. Indicative (NOT SUBJUNCTIVE) V Es verdad O Es obvio Opinión P Pensar * C Es claro C Creer * C Es cierto E Es evidente Estar seguro D No dudar No es dudoso S Es seguro Ojalá Quizás *do not need a “que” to be subjunctive. Whether one desires, hopes, prefers, demands, or insists that another person do something, one can never be sure that the person will in fact do it. Therefore, the action of the verb in the dependent clause is not necessarily real and the subjunctive must be used. The information in a clause following a verb or expression of emotion can be factual. Me alegro de que Teresa esté con nosotros. Note that all of the above expressions take the subjunctive since the action of the verb in the dependent clause may or may not take place.

¿Cómo se forma el presente del subjuntivo? Verbos Regulares Empezar con la forma “YO” Quitar la “o” Poner las terminaciones opuestas -AR: -e -emos -es -éis -e -en -ER /-IR: -a -amos -as -áis -a -an Verbos Iregulares (dishes) Dar Ir Saber Haber Estar Ser dé vaya sepa haya esté sea des vayas sepas hayas estés seas demos vayamos sepamos hayamos estemos seamos deis vayáis sepáis hayáis estéis seáis den vayan sepan hayan estén sean Cambios de raíz: In the present subjunctive, stem-changing –ar & -er verbs have the stem change in all forms except nosotros & vosotros. Other verbs that follow this pattern include: u->ue: jugar o->ue: contar, poder, volver, costar, probar(se), llover, doler e->ie: querer, sentarse, calentar, despertar(se), empezar, entender, cerrar, pensar Stem-changing verbs e->ie, e->i, & o->ue verbs that end in –ir have a stem change in all forms of the subjunctive. Other verbs that follow this pattern include: e->ie: divertirse, preferir, sentirse e->i: reír, repetir, servir, vestir(se), pedir, seguir, conseguir o->ue: morir, dormir Present subjunctive of nosotros & vosotros only goes eI, not eie (i.e. divertirse = … que yo me divierta….que nosotros nos divirtamos) Cambios ortográficos: CAR/GAR/ZAR In the present subjunctive of verbs ending in` –car = c changes to qu -gar = g changes to gu –zar = z changes c These spellings changes are the same as those that occur in the “yo” form of the preterite tense.

Sequence of Tenses: Tense of subjunctive depends on form of main verb Independent Clause (Main) Dependent Clause (Subordinate) (Main Clause) Example que (Dependent Clause) Present & Present Progressive Present Perfect Future Command Present Subjunctive Or Present Perfect Subjunctive Esperan Están esperando Han esperado Esperarán Esperen vayan al cine. o hayan ido al cine. Imperfect Preterit Conditional Pluperfect Imperfect Subjunctive Pluperfect Subjunctive Esperaba Esperó Esperaría Había esperado Juan fuera al cine. Juan hubiera ido al cine.

Moods can be expressed in many different time frames or tenses. Tenses include: Present Subjunctive – (WEIRDO) actions that occur or are occurring in the present. Present Perfect Subjunctive – actions in the dependent clause (verb after the “que”), occurred BEFORE the main clause (WEIRDO) actions. Imperfect Subjunctive – (WEIRDO) actions that occur, are occurring in the present, or will occur in the future. Verbs in the main clause can be in the preterit, imperfect or conditional tenses. Pluperfect Subjunctive –actions in the dependent clause (verb after the “que”) occurred in the past (preterit, imperfect, pluperfect) or in the conditional tense, and occurred BEFORE the main clause (WEIRDO) actions.

¿Cómo se forma el presente perfecto del subjuntivo? The present perfect subjunctive is a compound verb formed with the subjunctive of the auxiliary verb haber + the past participle of the main verb. HABLAR haya hablado hayamos hablado hayas hablado hayáis hablado haya hablado hayan hablado SALIR haya salido hayamos salido hayas salido hayáis salido haya salido hayan salido Remember to sing the irregular past participle verbs song! abierto, cubierto, dicho, hecho, puesto, escrito, visto, vuelto, muerto roto y frito

¿Cómo se forma el imperfecto del subjuntivo? To conjugate the imperfect subjunctive, follow these steps: Take the third person plural preterite form of any regular, irregular, or stem-changing verb Drop the -ON ending Add the appropriate ending: HABLAR -» ellos hablaron TENER -» ellos tuvieron hablara habláramos tuviera tuviéramos hablaras hablarais tuvieras tuvierais hablara hablaran tuviera tuvieran The imperfect subjunctive stem-changes differently because all persons go e --> i (i.e. divertirse ...que yo me divirtiera and ...que nosotros nos divirtiéramos). Same thing happens with o --> u (i.e. morir ...que yo muriera / ...que nosotros muriéramos).

¿Cómo se forma el plusuamperfecto del subjuntivo? The pluperfect subjunctive is a compound verb formed with the imperfect subjunctive of the auxiliary verb haber + the past participle of the main verb. HABLAR hubiera hablado hubiéramos hablado hubieras hablado hubierais hablado hubiera hablado hubieran hablado SALIR hubiera salido hubiéramos salido hubieras salido hubierais salido hubiera salido hubieran salido Remember to sing the irregular past participle verbs song! abierto, cubierto, dicho, hecho, puesto, escrito, visto, vuelto, muerto roto y frito