El vocabulario de Capítulo 4B

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Transcripción de la presentación:

El vocabulario de Capítulo 4B Realidades 2 El vocabulario de Capítulo 4B

To review the vocabulary of Capítulo 4B…

saludar (se) saludar a + alguien = to greet (someone) saludarse = to greet each other

felicitar (se) felicitar a + alguien = to congratulate (someone) felicitarse = to congratulate each other

darse la mano darle la mano a… Los amigos se dan la mano. The friends shake hands. Marcos le da la mano a Miguel *. Marcos shakes hands with Miguel. *The person with whom one shakes hands is always an indirect object.

besar (se) besar a + alguien = to kiss (someone) besarse = to kiss each other

abrazar (se) abrazar a + alguien = to hug (someone) abrazarse = to hug each other

llorar

Remember how to use the verb tenses… El presente -- describes what usually happens, what is the norm, what is happening, what does happen in the present time. Hablo español. = I speak (I do speak, I am speaking) Spanish.

Remember how to use the verb tenses… El presente progresivo -- describes what is happening at the moment you make your comment. Marco está levantando pesas. = Marco is lifting weights. El presente progresivo = the present tense of ESTAR + the present participle (Remember to drop AR and add ANDO, drop ER or IR and add IENDO to form the Spanish present participle. Remember the English present participle ends in ING.

Remember how to use the 3rd person singular of the present tense to express the regular affirmative Tú command … habla - Speak, Talk come - Eat escribe - Write levántate* - Get up pide - Ask for, Request sirve - Serve vuelve - Return, Come back *Remember to add to the end of the affirmative command any object pronoun (reflexive, indirect, direct), AND don’t forget you will need an accent in most cases to maintain the original stressed syllable!!.

Don’t forget the irregular affirmative Tú commands … pon - Put;Place;Set ponte* - Put on (something on one’s body) ten - Have di - Say;Tell sal - Leave;Go out;Come out ven - Come sé - Be ve - Go haz - Do;Make *No accent is needed after adding the reflexive pronoun to the end of the affirmative command as the stress will still fall on the “o”, or the original syllable.

Remember how to use the verb tenses… El pretérito -- describes what happened, an action that has a definite beginning and end, a completed, past action. Hablé español. = I spoke (I did speak) Spanish. I spoke Spanish as in the past, maybe a few minutes ago, or yesterday, but I started and stopped speaking Spanish at a definite beginning and a definite end.

Remember how to use the verb tenses… El imperfecto -- describes what happened (repeatedly), was happening, would happen or used to happen. Hablaba español. = I spoke (I was speaking, I would speak, I used to speak) Spanish. I spoke Spanish in the past all the time, no definite beginning and no definite end.

In Capítulo 4B, you will learn that… El imperfecto … is also used to give background information of an event. Such as… Weather ¿Qué tiempo hacía? How was the weather? Hacía mal tiempo. It was bad weather. Time ¿Qué hora era? What time was it? Era la una. It was one o’clock. No, eran las dos. No, it was two o’clock.

El imperfecto … is also used to give background information of an event. Such as… Physical description Los hombres eran altos. The men were tall. La ciudad era enorme. The city was huge. Age ¿Cuántos años tenías? How old were you? Tenía seis años. I was 6 years old.

El imperfecto … is also used to give background information of an event. Such as… Emotional, mental state - Queríamos ir a casa. We wanted to go home. - Ana estaba muy cansada Ana was very y muy triste. tired and very sad. - Juan era un estudiante Juan was a very muy inteligente. smart student.

Also, in this chapter the imperfect will be used along with the preterite. El imperfecto … is also used to describe what WAS HAPPENING and el pretérito will be used to tell what interrupted the imperfect action, that is to say when the event occurred to interrupt the action, it occurred one time, completed past action, an action with a definite beginning and a definite end, the preterite tense. Todos mis parientes bailaban cuando llegamos. (imperfecto) (pretérito) All my relatives were dancing when we arrived.

sonreír

sonreír – to smile el presente de indicativo el participio presente sonrío sonreímos sonriendo sonríes sonreís sonríe sonríen el pretérito el mandato afirmativocon Tú sonreí sonreímos sonríe sonreíste sonreísteis sonrió sonrieron el imperfecto sonreía sonreíamos sonreías sonreíais sonreía sonreían

reírse

reírse – to laugh el presente de indicativo el participio presente me río nos reímos riéndose te ríes os reís se ríe se ríen el pretérito el mandato con Tú me reí nos reímos ríete te reíste os reísteis se rió se rieron el imperfecto me reía nos reíamos te reías os reíais se reía se reían

despedirse (i) (de)

el presente de indicativo el participio presente despedirse (i) (de) – to say good-bye (to) el presente de indicativo el participio presente me despido nos despedimos despidiéndose te despides os despedís se despide se despiden el pretérito el mandato con Tú me despedí nos despedimos despídete te despediste os despedisteis se despidió se despidieron el imperfecto me despedía nos despedíamos te despedías os despedíais se despedía se despedían

divertirse (ie) sinónimo – pasarlo bien

divertirse (ie) – to have fun, to have a good time, to enjoy oneself el presente de indicativo el participio presente me divierto nos divertimos divirtiéndose te diviertes os divertís se divierte se divierten el pretérito el mandato con Tú me divertí nos divertimos diviértete te divertiste os divertisteis se divirtió se divirtieron el imperfecto me divertía nos divertíamos te divertías os divertíais se divertía se divertían

casarse (con)

el aniversario ¡Feliz Aniversario! = Happy Anniversary!

la fiesta de sorpresa

regalar sinónimo - dar

charlar sinónimos – hablar, platicar

el desfile

los fuegos artificiales

cumplir__años Hoy Paco cumple dieciséis años. = Today Paco turns 16 years old.

hacer un picnic

hacer – to do;to make el presente de indicativo el participio presente hago hacemos haciendo haces hacéis hace hacen el pretérito el mandato afirmativo con Tú hice hicimos haz hiciste hicisteis hizo hicieron el imperfecto hacía hacíamos hacías hacíais hacía hacían hacer un picnic – to have a picnic

¿Recuerdas estas expresiones con HACER? hacer – to do;to make ¿Recuerdas estas expresiones con HACER? to ask a question - hacer una pregunta to do a project – hacer un proyecto to do ejercice – hacer ejercicio to do gymnastics – hacer gimnasia to do a search - hacer una búsqueda to make the bed - hacer la cama to have a picnic - hacer un picnic to make a video - to make a video How long has (have) ?? been happening? – ¿Cuánto tiempo hace que + present indicative? It has been happening for + period of time. Hace + period of time + que + present indicative.

tener – to have el presente de indicativo el participio presente tengo tenemos teniendo tienes tenéis tiene tienen el pretérito el mandato afirmativo con Tú tuve tuvimos ten tuviste tuvisteis tuvo tuvieron el imperfecto tenía teníamos tenías teníais tenía tenían

tener – to have ¿Recuerdas estas expresiones?

tener – (possession) Tenía mis libros. I had my books. Note the expressions with TENER!!! Know them!!! tener – (possession) Tenía mis libros. I had my books. tener…años -¿Cuántos años tenías? How old were you? -Tenía dieciséis años. I was 16 years old. tener que + el infinitivo Teníamos que estudiar. We had to study. (tener que + el infinitivo = an obligation, ie. someone has to do something.) (sinónimo – tener que + infinitivo = deber + infinitivo) Tengo que estudiar. = Debo estudiar. = I have to (must) study. tener (mucho) sueño Todos tenían (mucho) sueño. Everyone was (very) sleepy. tener (mucho) frío Ana tenía (mucho) frío. Ana was (very) cold,

tener (mucho) calor Teníamos (mucho) calor. We were (very) hot. tener (mucha) sed Ana tenía (mucha) sed. Ana was (very) thirsty. tener (mucha) hambre ¿Tenían Uds. (mucha) hambre? Were you (very) hungry? tener (mucha) suerte Ellos tenían (mucha) suerte. They were (very) lucky. tener razón ¡Tenías razón! You were right! no tener razón ¡No tenías razón! You were not right! or You were wrong! .

enorme (s) sinónimo – grande (s)

el bebé

la bebé

los mayores

los modales the manners los buenos modales – the good manners los malos modales – the bad manners

contar (ue) chistes to tell jokes sinónimo – decir

contar (ue)–to tell, to say;to count el presente de indicativo el participio presente cuento contamos contando cuentas contáis cuenta cuentan el pretérito el mandato afirmativo con Tú conté contamos cuenta contaste contasteis contó contaron el imperfecto contaba contábamos contabas contabais contaba contaban

llevarse bien to get along well antónimo – llevarse mal

llevarse mal to get along badly antónimo – llevarse bien

los parientes the relatives los padres – the parents

the gathering;the meeting la reunión the gathering;the meeting reunirse (ú) (con) – to meet (with)

the gatherings;the meetings las reuniones the gatherings;the meetings reunirse (ú) (con) – to meet (with)

reunirse (ú) (con) to meet (with) la reunión – the meeting, the gathering las reuniones – the meetings, the gatherings

el presente de indicativo el participio presente reunirse (ú) (con) – to meet (with) el presente de indicativo el participio presente me reúno nos reunimos reuniéndose te reúnes os reunís se reúne se reúnen el pretérito el mandato afirmativo con Tú me reuní nos reunimos reúnete te reuniste os reunisteis se reunió se reunieron el imperfecto me reunía nos reuníamos te reunías os reuníais se reunía se reunían

alrededor de la casa – around the house

la costumbre the custom

el día festivo the holiday

¡Felicidades! Congratulations! felicitar – to congratulate (someone) felicitarse – to congratulate each other

nacer to be born Pretérito nací - I was born naciste – you (tú) were born nació – he, she, it was born, you (Ud.) were born nacimos – we were born nacisteis – you (vosotros, vosotras) were born nacieron – they, you (Uds.) were born

there was, there were, there used to be, there would be (imperfecto) había there was, there were, there used to be, there would be (imperfecto)

Remember these verbs… hay – there is, there are hubo – there was, there were había - there was, there were, there used to be, there would be Hubo is usually used to say that an event took place. Hubo un incendio en el apartamento. There was a fire at the apartment. Había is usually used to describe a situation that existed in the past. Había muchas personas en el apartamento. There were many people at the apartment.

la casa antigua – the old hous sinónimo – viejo (os, a, as) antiguo (os, a, as) old;antique la casa antigua – the old hous sinónimo – viejo (os, a, as)

frecuentemente frequently

mientras (que) while

recordar (ue) to remember, to remind

recordar (ue) – to remember; to remind el presente de indicativo el participio presente recuerdo recordamos recordando recuerdas recordáis recuerda recuerdan el pretérito el mandato afirmativo con Tú recordé recordamos recuerda recordaste recordasteis recordó recordaron el imperfecto recordaba recordábamos recordabas recordabais recordaba recordaban

Debes saber lo siguiente. (You must know the following.)

la estufa the stove

el horno the oven

la olla the pan

el suelo the floor

el Día de San Valentín Valentine’s Day

el Día de San Patricio St. Patrick’s Day

el Día de Acción de Gracias Thanksgiving Day

To review the vocabulary of Capítulo 4B…

El fin