Capítulo 2: ¡Organízate! ¡Ven Conmigo! Spanish 1 Capítulo 2: ¡Organízate!

Vocabulario: Útiles para la escuela 3. un cuaderno 1. una mochila 4. un libro 2. una goma de borrar un borrador 5. una regla

Vocabulario: Útiles para la escuela 6. papel 8. una calculadora 9. un bolígrafo una pluma 7. una carpeta 10. un lápiz

Vocabulario: Útiles para la escuela 11. un diccionario 13. un marcador 12. un lápiz de color

Talking about what you want To find out what someone wants, ask: ¿Qué quieres? What do you want? ¿Paco quiere una mochila? Does Paco want a backpack? To answer, say: Quiero una mochila. I want a backpack. Sí, él quiere una mochila. Yes, he wants a backpack.

Talking about what you need To find out what someone needs, ask: ¿Qué necesitas? ¿Necesitas papel? ¿Qué necesita Merche? To answer, say: Necesito un cuaderno. No, ya tengo papel. …I already have… ¡Ella necesita muchas cosas! She needs a lot of things!

Activity to practice vocabulary What do you need …? to write a report to carry loose papers to make a poster for art class to add up your bill to do your geometry homework to take notes in class to carry your supplies to look up unknown words

Nota Cultural In many high schools in Spain and Latin America, students stay in the same room for their classes all day and the teachers change classrooms. Because of this, it’s rare to find a school that has lockers. Students carry their supplies to and from school each day in backpacks. In Spanish-speaking countries many items are sold in specialty shops like a papelería. There are not as many supermarkets or department stores that sell almost everything one might need as there are in the United States.

Gramática: Making nouns plural To make a noun plural, add –s if it ends in a vowel: diccionario → diccionarios. If the noun ends in a consonant, add –es: papel → papeles. If a noun ends in –z, change –z to –c and add –es: lápiz → lápices. How would you make these nouns plural? a) cruz b) luz c) vez

Nota gramatical masculine nouns: un bolígrafo. Use una Un and una mean a or an. Use un with masculine nouns: un bolígrafo. Use una with feminine nouns: una regla. El and la mean the. Use el with masculine nouns. Use la with feminine nouns.

Gramática: Indefinite articles (un, una, unos, unas) Once again, un and una mean a or an. Unos and unas mean some or a few. Singular Plural Masculine un bolígrafo unos bolígrafos Feminine una mochila unas mochilas 2. Use unos with a masculine plural noun. When referring to a group of people that includes both males and females, the masculine plural is used (unos estudiantes). 3. In a negative sentence, un, una, unos and unas are often dropped. ¿Necesitas unos bolígrafos? No, no necesito bolígrafos.

Nota gramatical In chapter 1 you learned to use the subject pronoun yo when talking about yourself and tú when talking to another student or someone your own age. When you want to talk about someone else, use él to mean he and ella to mean she.

Activity to practice subject pronouns Answer the questions using the correct pronoun (él or ella). Example: ¿Qué tiene Marta? (lápiz) Ella tiene un lápiz. ¿Qué tiene Paco? (bolígrafos) ¿Qué quiere Merche? (mochila) ¿Qué necesita Carlos? (cuaderno) ¿Qué tiene la abuela? (libros) ¿Qué necesita tu amigo? (carpeta) ¿Qué quiere Beatriz? (papel) ¿Qué necesita Ana? (calculadora) ¿Qué tiene Raúl? (regla)

Nota Cultural Many schools in Spain and Latin America require their students to wear uniforms and usually the students must purchase them. It is also normal for students to have to buy their own textbooks, since these are not provided by the schools.

Vocabulario: Contents of your room 2. el armario 1. la cama 3. la ropa

Vocabulario: Contents of your room 4. la puerta 5. la ventana 6. el cartel el póster

Vocabulario: Contents of your room 7. el escritorio el pupitre 9. el televisor la televisión 10. la mesa 8. la silla 11. la lámpara

Vocabulario: Contents of your room 12. el reloj 15. la revista 13. las zapatillas de tenis (Spain) los tenis 16. el teléfono (celular) 14. la radio

Vocabulario: Contents of your room 17. la computadora 19. el DVD 20. el reproductor de DVD 18. el estéreo 21. la videocasetera

Vocabulario extra 22. una alfombra 25. unos discos compactos 26. un tocador de discos compactos 23. un balcón 24. un estante

Describing the contents of your room To Find out what there is in someone’s room, ask: ¿Qué hay en tu cuarto? What is in your room? ¿Qué hay en el cuarto de Andrea? What is in Andrea’s room? ¿Tienes un televisor? Do you have a TV set? ¿Qué tiene Martín en su cuarto? What does Martín have in his room?

Describing the contents of your room To answer, say: Tengo una mesa y dos sillas en mi cuarto. I have … in my room. Hay libros y cuadernos en su cuarto. There are … in his room. No, no tengo televisor. No, I don’t have a TV set. Martín tiene unos carteles y una radio en su cuarto. …has …in his room.

Nota cultural In Spain, most people live in pisos (apartments) in cities or towns. Bedrooms are often smaller, and sisters or brothers will sometimes have to share a room. Generally, the family shares a single TV set and a single phone. It’s not as common for teenagers to have a TV or a phone of their own in their bedroom.

Gramática Agreement of mucho and ¿cuánto? with nouns 1. Many nouns and adjectives have the following endings: Number Singular Plural Masculine -o -os Feminine -a -as Gender Making the endings in adjectives and nouns match is called agreement in gender (masculine/feminine) and number (singular/plural).

Gramática Agreement of mucho and ¿cuánto? with nouns 2. The forms of ¿cuánto? are used to ask how much? or how many? ¿Cuánto? matches the noun it describes. (el papel) ¿Cuánto papel tienes? (la tarea) ¿Cuánta tarea? (los bolígrafos) ¿Cuántos bolígrafos? (las carpetas) ¿Cuántas carpetas? 3. The forms of mucho mean a lot, much, or many. No necesito muchas carpetas, pero necesito muchos bolígrafos y mucho papel. Tengo mucha tarea.

Talking about what you need To answer, say: Necesito organizar mi cuarto. … to organize my room. Necesita ir a la librería. … to go to the bookstore. To ask: ¿Qué necesitas hacer? What do you need to do? ¿Y qué necesita hacer Paco? What does Paco need to do.

Talking about what you want to do To answer, say: No sé, pero no quiero hacer la tarea. I don’t know, but I don’t want … Quiere ir a la pizzería. …wants to go to … To ask: ¿Qué quieres hacer? What do you want to do? ¿Y qué quiere hacer Antonio? And what does Antonio want to do?

Vocabulario Necesito… I need… poner la ropa en el armario to put the clothes in the closet encontrar el dinero primero to find the money first

Vocabulario Quiero … I want… conocer a muchos nuevos amigos to meet a lot of new friends ir al centro comercial go to the mall comprar muchas cosas to buy a lot of things

Nota gramatical The infinitive is a form of the verb found in the dictionary. There are three kinds of infinitive endings in Spanish: -ar, -er, and –ir. Comprar, poner, conocer, and ir are infinitives.

Vocabulario: los números 40 cuarenta 50 cincuenta 60 sesenta 70 setenta 80 ochenta 90 noventa 100 cien treinta y uno treinta y dos treinta y tres treinta y cuatro treinta y cinco treinta y seis … 101 ciento uno 102 ciento dos 103 ciento tres … 199 ciento noventa y nueve

Nota cultural The centro comercial in Latin America has become a new focal point for some Latin American teenagers. Teenagers in large cities spend time in malls, shopping, eating or just seeing other people. (Like in the U.S.) Teenagers, in Latin America, tend to meet in larger groups. They often gather in cafes to chat.

Nota cultural People in Spanish-speaking countries do not use personal checks for purchases as often as people in the United States do. In Mexico many people pay their utility bills with personal checks, but in Spain bills are usually paid by direct withdrawal. Cash is universally accepted, and most stores in larger cities accept credit cards.