Lipidos
Los lípidos son compuestos solubles en solventes no polares y tienen una gran variedad de estructuras y funciones
Fatty Acids Are Carboxylic Acid with Hydrocarbon Chains
Triacilgliceridos Un triacilglicerido glycerol Ácido graso Una grasa o un aceite glycerol Ácido graso
Grasas son triacilgliceridos de estado sólido o semisólido a temperatura ambiente
Los aceites a temperatura ambiente son líquidos
Oxidation of Polyunsaturated Fats and Oils by O2
Fosfoacilgliceroles Son los componentes mayoritaros de las membranas celulares El grupo OH terminal del glicerol es esterificado con acido fosfórico
Fosfoacilgliceroles son clasificados como fosfolípidos
Phosphoacylglycerols form membranes by arranging themselves into a lipid bilayer Saturated fatty acids decrease membrane fluidity because their hydrocarbon chains can pack closely together Unsaturated fatty acids have the opposite effect
Esfingolípidos Ellos contienen esfingosina en vez de glicerol Se encuentran en membranas
Prostaglandinas Prostaglandins are synthesized from arachidonic acid They are responsible for regulating a variety of physiological responses Name in the format PGX, with X designating the functional groups of the five-membered ring Esqueleto de prostaglandina
Naming Prostaglandins PGE1 PGE2 PGF2n
Terpenes Terpenes contain carbon atoms in multiples of five They are made by joining together 5-carbon isoprene units Oxygen-containing terpenes are sometimes called terpenoids
The Isoprene Rule
Squalene, a triterpene, is a precursor of steroid molecules
Lycopene and b-carotene are tetraterpenes called carotenoids
Cholesterol Is a Steroid