Stem-changing verbs pp. 231, 257, 274

Differ from regular verbs because of a stem-change when conjugated, but stem-change is consistent, and regular endings still apply. SO, is not irregular.

Stem-change occurs in all singular forms and 3rd person plural  boot verbs Yo Nosotros Tú Vosotros Él Ellos

4 types of stem-changing verbs in present tense e  ie e  i o  ue u  ue

Some common stem-changing verbs not a comprehensive list

e  ie pensar (ie) cerrar (ie) empezar (ie) encender (ie) preferir (ie) querer (ie) sentir (ie) nevar (ie)

pensar (ie) = to think Pienso Pensamos Piensas Pensáis Piensa Piensan

If more than one “e” in stem, 2nd “e” in the stem, changes. Or If more than one “e” in stem, 2nd “e” in the stem, changes. Or. . . an “e” in prefix never changes empezar  empiez 2nd “e” changes preferir  prefier “e” in prefix doesn’t repetir  repit querer  quier only 1 “e” in stem

preferir (ie) = to prefer Prefiero Preferimos Prefieres Preferís Prefiere Prefieren

e  i pedir (i) repetir (i) Repito Repetimos Repites Repetís Repite Repiten

o  ue poder (ue) costar (ue) recordar (ue) volver (ue) llover (ue) dormir (ue) Duermo Dormimos Duermes Dormís Duerme Duermen

u  ue jugar (ue) Juego Jugamos Juegas Jugáis Juega Juegan

Stem-changing verbs in the present progressive

-ir stem-changing verbs take off –ir ending change e  i or o  u add –iendo to end

servir  sirviendo pedir  pidiendo decir  diciendo dormir  durmiendo morir  muriendo seguir  siguiendo venir  viniendo poder  pudiendo

Notes about usage of some common stem-changing verbs

Notes about pensar pensar + infinitive = plan/intend to Pienso ir a Venezuela. I plan to go to Venezuela. pensar + de = to ask for an opinion ¿Qué piensas de los platos nuevos? What do you think of the new plates?

pensar + que = express opinions/thoughts Pienso que son bonitos. I think that they are pretty. pensar + en = about whom/what someone is thinking Pienso en mi tarea. I am thinking about my homework.

Notes about empezar empezar is followed by the preposition “a” when followed by an infinitive Empiezo a estudiar. I am beginning to study. Empiezo el libro. I am starting the book. Empiezo a leer el libro. I am starting to read the book.

Notes about pedir Pedir permiso para = Pedir perdón = to ask permission to do something Pedir perdón = to excuse self or ask for forgiveness Pedir prestado/a = to ask for a loan or to borrow something

Pedir vs Preguntar Pedir = Preguntar = to ask for, to request, to order (in a restaurant) Preguntar = to ask (a question) similar to hacer una pregunta