Presented by Ernest F. Lissabet

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Presented by Ernest F. Lissabet Lesson Plan: The Bronze Age and the Beginning of History La Edad del Bronce y el comienzo de la Historia DO NOW / Haga Ahora: Please complete the quiz about the Stone Age and the Ice Age that I am handing out. Por favor complete el cuestionario sobre la Edad de Piedra y la Edad de Hielo que estoy entreg Presented by Ernest F. Lissabet

The Bronze Age When did history begin? La Edad de Bronce ¿Cuándo comenzó la historia? “History” begins at the moment when humans invented writing, because then they could record the events in their lives. This is why we call the period before the invention of writing, “Prehistoric,” or “before history.” "La historia" comienza en el momento cuando la gente inventó la escritura, porque entonces podrían registrar los acontecimientos en sus vidas. Esto es por qué llamamos el período antes de la invención de escritura, "Prehistórica", o “antes de la historia.”

The First Writing La primera escritura History is said to begin with the ancient Sumerian Civilization, because they were the first people to invent writing and begin to write down their history. Se dice que la historia comienza con la Civilización de Sumeria antigua, porque ellos eran la primera gente para inventar la escritura y comenzar a anotar (o escribir) su historia. Here is an example of “Cunieform,” which is the form of writing invented by the Sumerians. They did not have paper and so they wrote on clay tablets, many of which survive today. As you see, this style of writing evolved over time, and was later used by both the Babylonian and Assyrian civilizations. Aquí está un ejemplo de "Cunieform", que es la forma de escribir inventado por los Sumerios. No tenían el papel y por tanto escribieron en pastillas de arcilla, muchas de las cuales sobreviven hoy. Como se puede ver, este estilo de escritura evolucionó con el tiempo, y se usó más tarde tanto por las civilizaciones Babilonias como por Asirias.

The Bronze Age La Edad de Bronce By the time the Sumerians invented writing, people in the Middle East had learned how to make Bronze by combining copper and tin. Bronze tools and weapons were much better than the stone tools and weapons that humans had used during the Stone Age and the Ice Age, and this is why this period of history is called The Bronze Age. Above in an axe head made of stone. Below is an axe head made of bronze. As you can see, the bronze axe head is much better. Arriba es en una cabeza del hacha, hecho de la piedra. Abajo es una cabeza del hacha, hecha en bronce. Como puede ver, la cabeza del hacha de bronce es mucho mejor. Por el momento los Sumerios inventaron por escrito, la gente que se encuentra en el Oriente Medio ha aprendido a hacer Bronce mediante la combinación de cobre y estaño. Los instrumentos y las armas de bronce eran mucho mejores que los instrumentos y armas de piedra que la gente hubiera usado durante la Edad de Piedra y la Época Glacial, y esto es por qué este período de la historia se llama La Edad de Bronce.

The First Cities Las Primeras Ciudades Bronze Age Pottery Once humans began farming and had invented writing, small villages grew into large cities, the first urban centers in history. Commerce developed when the different cities began to trade with each other. They traded things like pottery, tools, weapons, baskets, cloth, spices, and crops. Copper, tin and bronze were very valuable. Bronze Age Pottery Cerámica de la Edad de Bronce Cuando la gente comenzó a cultivar la tierra y había inventado la escritura, los pequeños pueblos se crecieron hasta grandes ciudades, los primeros centros urbanos en la historia. Comercio se desarrolló cuando las ciudades diferentes comenzaron a comerciar el uno con el otro. Cambiaron cosas como cerámica, instrumentos, armas, cestas, tela, especias y cultivos. El cobre, la lata y el bronce eran muy valiosos.

Sumerian Civilization Civilización Sumeria Sumerian Civilization grew in the southern part of Mesopotamia, which is in the modern nation of Iraq between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. The word “Mesopotamia” means “the land between the rivers.” La Civilización de Sumeria creció en la parte del sur de Mesopotamia, que está en la nación moderna de Iraq entre los ríos de Eufrates y Tigris. La palabra "Mesopotamia" significa “la tierra entre los ríos.”

Facts about Sumeria Hechos sobre Sumeria City-States: Sumerian civilization was organized into cities, which were like little countries. This is why they are called “city-states.” Ciudades-Estado: La civilización de Sumeria se organizó en ciudades, que parecieron a pequeños países. Esto es por qué los llaman "ciudades-estado". The Wheel: The Sumerians also invented the wheel, which made the movement of trade goods and armies much easier. La Rueda: Los Sumerios también inventó la rueda, lo que hizo el movimiento de las mercancías y los ejércitos mucho más fácil. Scribes: Sumerian civilization was the first human culture to have many scribes, which are people who were trained how to write. Escribas: La civilización de Sumeria fue la primera cultura humana que tiene muchos escribas, que son las personas que se entrenó cómo escribir.

Facts about Sumeria Hechos sobre Sumeria Ziggurat: The Sumerians were the first people to build temples in the form of a pyramid, which they called “Ziggurats.” Ziggurat: Los sumerios eran la primera gente para construir templos en la forma de una pirámide, que llamaron "Ziggurats". Levees / Dikes: The Sumerians were the first people to use levees to control irrigation. A levee is a man-made mound of dirt to control the flow of water. Diques: Los Sumerios eran la primera gente para usar diques para controlar la irrigación. Un dique es un montículo artificial de la suciedad para controlar el flujo del agua. King Sargon of Kish conquered many cities and created the world’s first Empire. An ‘Empire” is different from a nation because it has many different races of people. El Rey Sargon de Kish conquistó muchas ciudades y creó el primer Imperio del mundo. Un ‘Imperio” es diferente de una nación porque tiene muchas razas diferentes de personas.

Babylonian Civilization Civilización Babilónica The Babylonians were racially different than the Sumerians. They were a Semitic people, related to the Assyrians, Hebrews, Phoenicians, and Arab people. The Babylonians created one of the greatest civilizations of ancient history. The city of Babylon was one of the biggest cities in the world. At different times, the Babylonian Empire included most of the Middle East. Los Babilonios eran racialmente diferentes que los Sumerios. Eran una gente de la raza Semitico, relacionada con los Asirios, Hebreos, Fenicios y la gente Arabe. Los Babilonios crearon una de las mayores civilizaciones de la historia antigua. La ciudad de Babylon era una de las ciudades más grandes en el mundo. En tiempos diferentes, el Imperio Babilonio incluyó la mayor parte del Oriente Medio.

Important Babylonians Code of Hammurabi Código de Hammurabi Babilonios Importantes King Hammurabi was one of the greatest Babylonian Kings. His greatest achievement was the creation of the Code of Hammurabi, which was a code of laws that he used to govern Babylonia. Hammurabi also built many dams on the Euphrates River. Rey Hammurabi fue uno de los mayores Reyes Babilónicos. Su mayor logro fue la creación del Código de Hammurabi, que era un código de leyes que él utiliza para regir Babilonia. Hammurabi también construyó muchas presas en el Río Eufrates. King Nebuchadnezzar was another great Babylonian King. He is mostly remembered for building the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, which was a huge pyramid covered with plants of all kinds. The Hanging Gardens of Babylon were regarded as one of the so-called “Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.” El Rey Nebuchadnezzar fue otro gran rey Babilonio. Él es principalmente recordado por construir los Jardines Colgantes de Babilonia, que era una enorme pirámide cubierta con plantas de todo tipo. Los Jardines Colgantes de Babilonia son considerados como uno de los llamados “Siete Maravillas del Mundo Antiguo.”

Assyrian Civilization Civilización Asiria The Assyrians were a Semitic people like the Babylonians. They lived in northern Mesopotamia, in modern Iraq. Their great city was called Ninevah. The Assyrians were very warlike. They had a very strong army and they used it to conquer other cities near them. At times the Assyrians conquered both Babylonia and Egypt. Los Asirios eran una gente Semítica como los babilonios. Vivieron en Mesopotamia del norte, en Iraq moderno. Su gran ciudad se llamó Ninevah. Los asirios eran muy bélicos. Tenían un ejército muy fuerte y lo usaron para conquistar otras ciudades cerca de ellos. A veces los asirios conquistaron tanto Babylonia como Egipto. The Assyrians were very cruel to the people they conquered. They had a deliberate policy of cruelty and terrorism to control the people they conquered. Assyrian Kings would often boast in writing about how many people they had killed. Los Asirios fueron muy crueles con los pueblos conquistados. Tenían una política deliberada de la crueldad y el terrorismo para controlar los pueblos conquistados. Reyes asirios a menudo tienen por escrito sobre el número de personas que habían matado.

Important Assyrians Civilización Asiria The name of the Assyrian god was Ashur, thus the name “Assyrian” means “followers of Ashur.” This is his symbol. The god Ashur was a god of war and that is why the Assyrians were also warlike. El nombre del dios Asirio era Ashur, así el nombre “Asirio" significa “seguidores de Ashur. ” Esto es su símbolo. El dios Ashur era un dios de la guerra y por eso los Asirios también eran bélicos. The Assyrian Empire reached its greatest size during the reign of King Essarhaddon, who conquered Babylon and Egypt. El Imperio Asirio alcanzó su mayor tamaño durante el reinado del Rey Essarhaddon, que conquistaron Babylon y Egipto.

Assyrian Civilization Civilización Asiria The policy of cruelty towards conquered people kept their empire peaceful, but the Assyrians were very hated by all the nations, so there were many rebellions against them. Eventually a rebellion in Babylon and an invasion by Persia led to the destruction of the city of Ninevah, and the end of the Assyrian Empire. La política de crueldad contra los pueblos conquistados mantuvo su imperio pacífica, pero los Asirios fueron muy odiados por todas las naciones, así que hubo muchas rebeliones contra ellos. Eventualmente una rebelión en Babilonia y una invasión por Persia condujo a la destrucción de la ciudad de Nínive y el fin del imperio Asirio. Persia Babylon

Mesopotamia Jeopardy https://jeopardylabs.com/play/mesopotamia-jeopardy

Mesopotamia: Second Class Period Video ! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MKs5Wvv1-14 After Lunch: The teacher will distribute and explain the Group Project handouts. Reading Exercise: Turn to page 30 in your textbook. Mr. Lissabet will lead a reading of pages 30 – 32. Then you will complete the “Lesson 1 Review” on page 33. Ejercicio de lectura: Vuelta a la página 30 en tu libro de texto. Sr. Lissabet conducirá una lectura de las páginas 30-32. Entonces usted completará la "Lección 1 Review" en la página 33.

Mesopotamia: Third Class Period Akbar’s Dilemma: Comprehension Exercise 1. Teacher will distribute the handout, “Akbar’s Dilemma,” and lead a guided reading session with the students. 2. The students will answer the four questions on the handout, in English if possible but in Spanish if necessary. Students may use their I-pods to translate any words they do not understand. The teacher will engage the class in discussion about the five questions, with the intention of using the conversation as an informal assessment of the students spoken English. If time remains: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-2PqUnAx-Q (4:32) If time remains: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKfSFJBKPE0 (9:24)