Chapter 10 Math Research has demonstrated that virtually all young children have the capability to learn and become competent in mathematics. Investigaciones.

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Chapter 10 Math Research has demonstrated that virtually all young children have the capability to learn and become competent in mathematics. Investigaciones han demostrado que prácticamente todos los niños tienen la capacidad de aprender y ser competente en matemáticas. ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Math  Math is everywhere  Las matemáticas están en todas partes  Daily living provides a math-rich environment  Vida diaria proporciona un ambiente rico en matemáticas  Math must be hands-on and DAP  Matemáticas deben ser prácticos y DAP  Teach math in a context that has a purpose to the child  Enseñar matemáticas en un contexto que tiene un propósito para el niño ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Math  Focus on conceptual math, not pencil-and- paper  Centrarse en matemáticas conceptuales, no lápiz y papel  Not limited to a specific period or time of day  Sin limitarse a un período específico o la hora del día  Relationships and repetition are key to math learning  Las relaciones y la repetición son la clave para el aprendizaje de las matemáticas ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Concept Development  Concepts are the building blocks of knowledge  Los conceptos son los bloques de construcción de conocimiento  Concepts are acquired through children’s active involvement with their environment  Conceptos son adquiridos a través de la participación activa de los niños con su entorno  Fostered by solving problems  Fomentada por resolver problemas  Definition of the term early mathematics  Definición de la matemática temprana del término ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Names Associated with Mathematical Concepts  Piaget  Two types of knowledge  Physical  Logico-mathematical  Vygotsky  Skills learned from those who have more skills  Zone of proximal development  Gardner  Logical-mathematical intelligence ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Math Language Development  Math language development occurs as children develop number sense and logical ways of thinking about time, space, and other mathematical ideas during the first 8 years of life  Desarrollo del lenguaje matemáticas se produce cuando los niños desarrollan el sentido numérico y lógicas maneras de pensar acerca del tiempo, espacio y otras ideas matemáticas durante los primeros 8 años de vida ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Math Language Development  Children encounter significant mathematical experiences in their play  Los niños encuentran experiencias significativas matemáticas en sus juegos  Language based on recommendations from NCTM’s Principles and Standards for School Mathematics  Lenguaje basado en las recomendaciones de las normas y principios de NCTM para matemáticas de la escuela ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Math Concepts  Numbers and Operations 1. Number sense 2. One-to-one correspondence  Each object has the value of one  Awareness of this relationship 3. Count anything and everything  Rote counting  Rational counting 4. Classifying and sorting  Grouping objects by a common characteristic or attribute—size, shape, or color ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Math Concepts  Números y operaciones 1. Sentido de números 2. Correspondencia uno a uno  Cada objeto tiene el valor de uno  Conocimiento de esta relación 3. Cuenta todo a tu alrededor  Contando rote  Contar racional 4. Clasificar y agrupación de objetos  Agrupar objetos por una característica o un atributo común: tamaño, forma o color ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Math Concepts (continued)  Patterns, functions, and algebra  Patrones, funciones y álgebra  Sequence of numbers, colors, objects, sounds, shapes, or movements that repeat in the same order over and over  Secuencia de números, colores, objetos, sonidos, formas o los movimientos que se repiten una y otra vez en el mismo orden  Seriation  Comparative vocabulary develops  Desarrolla vocabulario comparativo ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Math Concepts (continued)  Early geometry and spatial sense  Temprana geometría y sentido espacial  Children’s awareness of themselves in relation to the people and objects around them  Conciencia de los niños de sí mismos en relación con las personas y objetos que los rodean  Concepts relating to space, position, time, sound, rhythm, body parts, and body control  Conceptos relativos al espacio, posición, tiempo, sonido, ritmo, partes del cuerpo y control del cuerpo ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Math Concepts (continued)  Measurement (Medidas)  Data analysis and probability  Probabilidad y análisis de datos  Graphs(Grafica)  Problem solving (Resolución de problemas)  The process of mathematics  El proceso de las matemáticas ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Math Concepts (continued)  Curriculum focal points  Way to bring focus to the teaching, learning, and assessing of mathematics   Puntos focales de currículo  forma de enfoque a la enseñanza, aprendizaje y evaluación de las matemáticas ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Integrating Experiences with Other Areas  Outdoors (Afuera)  Spatial and shape concepts  Classification  Patterns  Counting  Number sense  Measurement  Espacial y forma conceptos, clasificación, patrones, contar, sentido de números, medición  Science (Ciencia)  Sorting collections (colecciones de clasificar)  Graphing and charting (Grafica) ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Integrating Experiences with Other Areas (continued)  Cooking (Cocina)  Measuring  Medidas  Counting  Contar  Art (Arte)  Outlining (Contorno)  Language, literacy, and literature  Lenguaje y literature  Speaking  Hablar  Reading  Leer ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Materials for Developing Math Concepts  Children will naturally explore their environments  Los niños naturalmente explorarán sus entornos  Role of teacher to provide words, materials, and resources to scaffold learning  Rol de maestro para proporcionar palabras, materiales y recursos para el aprendizaje del andamio ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Materials for Developing Math Concepts  Materials could include (Materiales que se pueden incluir)  Balances  Bingo cards  Blocks  Board games  Calculators  Objects to count, sort, classify, make patterns  Balanza, tarjetas de bingo, bloques, juegos de mesa, calculadoras, objetos para contar, ordenar, clasificar, hacer patrones ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Technology and Mathematics  Calculators should be available for use by young children  Calculadoras deben estar disponibles para su uso por niños pequeños  Teachers should review software carefully  Los maestros deben revisar cuidadosamente software  Open-ended software preferred  Software abierto preferido  Drill-and-practice software kills creativity ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Technology and Mathematics  Software de ejercicio y práctica mata creatividad  Cooperative use of computers  Cooperativa uso de computadoras  Virtual manipulatives  Manipulativos virtuales  Link computer math to ongoing concrete experiences  Matemáticas de computadora enlace a experiencias concretas en curso ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Successful Mathematical Teaching Strategies  Utilizing a detailed approach that guides children through a defined instructional sequence  Utilizando un enfoque detallado que guía a los niños a través de una secuencia de instrucción definida  Often referred to as systematic and explicit instruction  A menudo se denomina instrucción sistemática y explícita ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Successful Mathematical Teaching Strategies  Incorporation of self-instruction  Incorporación de auto instrucción  Includes children using prompting or solution-oriented questions and rebus charts  Incluye a los niños mediante preguntas planteándolas u orientado y gráficos de rebús ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Successful Mathematical Teaching Strategies  Peer tutoring allows children of differing abilities to be paired to learn and practice particular skills  Tutoría entre iguales permite a los niños de diferentes capacidades que estar emparejadas aprender y practicar habilidades  Use manipulatives, pictures, number lines, and graphs (visual representation) to teach mathematical concepts  Utilizar manipulativos, número de líneas, imágenes y gráficos (representación visual) para enseñar conceptos matemáticos ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Adaptations and Accommodations  Block distractions with partitions or have children face the wall instead of the busy classroom  Bloquear las distracciones con particiones o tener hijos frente a la pared en lugar del aula ocupada  Make removable partitions by cutting a three- panel science display board in half to sit on a table  Hacer particiones desmontables cortando una tablilla de tres paneles ciencia por la mitad a sentarse en una mesa ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Adaptations and Accommodations  Place the activity on a tray with a smaller container to hold the pieces to provide more structure and focus the child’s attention  Poner la actividad en una bandeja con un envase más pequeño para sostener las piezas para proporcionar más estructura y centrar la atención del niño  Glue knob handles on top of puzzle pieces to make them easier to grip  Perilla del pegamento se encarga además de piezas del rompe cabezas para facilitar el agarre ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Encouraging Family Support  Provide them with activities  Proporcionarles actividades  Inform them about opportunities for math at home  Informarles sobre las oportunidades de matemáticas en casa  Sorting laundry  By color  By shape  By family members ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Encouraging Family Support  Setting the table  Clasificación ropa color forma por miembros de la familia poniendo la mesa ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Tips for Teachers  Encourage exploration by children  Fomentar la exploración de los niños  Focus on process, not “correct” answer  Centrarse en el proceso, no es "correcto" respuesta  It’s okay to make mistakes  Está bien cometer errores  Break down steps  Separa los pasos  Allow time for math discovery  Dar tiempo para el descubrimiento de las matemáticas ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Tips for Teachers  Plan appropriate activities  Planea actividades apropiadas  Allow materials to be used in all areas  Permita que los materiales a usarse en todas las áreas  Use (Usa)  Number songs and books  Libros y canciones de número  Rhymes and rhythm  Rima y ritmo ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.