Los mandatos informales Informal Commands Ven conmigo 2, Cap. 5
When you want to tell someone what to do: You need to be able to make a command. In English, a command is when you tell someone, “Sit down.”, “Don’t smoke.”, etc.
To make an informal (tú) positive command in Spanish: For regular commands: Take the tú form. Drop the “s”. For example: Hablas►habla Comes►come Duermes►duerme You may notice this is the same as the 3 rd person singular form (él/ella/usted)
Práctica 1.Sleep now! ¡Duerme ahora!
2.Speak! ¡Habla!
Irregular positive“tú” commands: Unfortunately, there is a list! They correspond to verbs that have an irregular “yo” form:
There is a pattern: Ten Ven Pon Sal Haz Di Sé Ve Tener (tengo) Venir (vengo) Poner (pongo) Salir (salgo) Hacer (hago) Decir (digo) Ser (soy) Ir (voy)
Luckily, there is also a song: It goes to the tune of “Hava Nagila”, the Jewish wedding song. Remember from Wedding Crashers? The words are: Ten Ven Pon Sal Haz Repeat Di Sé Ve
Now for negative “tú” commands: There are a couple of easy rules: Take the “yo” Drop the “o” Add the opposite ending. Put a “no” in front and an “s” at the end. (The opposite ending is an “e” for –ar verbs and “a” for –er & –ir verbs.
Por ejemplo Hablar►hablo► Habl► Hable► ¡No hables! Comer►como► Com► Coma► ¡ No comas! Asistir ►asisto► Asist► Asista► ¡No asistas!
A couple of notes: When the command is positive, and the verb is reflexive, the reflexive pronoun is placed at the end, hanging on to the command. First conjugate the verb into a command, then put the pronoun at the end. Relajarse► Relaja► ¡Relájate!
For negative commands with reflexives: The reflexive pronoun goes BEFORE the conjugated verb. Relajarse► Relajo► Relaj► Relaje► No relajes…and finally: ¡No te relajes!
Más cap. 5 vocabulario Ponerse en forma fumar
El bienestar (estar bien, sano, contento) dedicar
Entrenarse para la competencia El estrés
Evitar la grasa El hábito
Hacer régimen Mantenerse en forma
relajarse Respirar profundamente
La salud dejar
Más práctica 3. Don’t smoke! ¡No fumes!
4.Relax! ¡Relájate!
5. Don’t go on a diet! 5. No hagas régimen!
6. Avoid grease! 6. Evita la grasa!
6a. Avoid sugar! (el azucar) ¡Evita el azucar!
7. Don’t avoid vegetables! (Remember, take the yo – evito, drop the “o” - evit, add the opposite ending (e for an –ar verb), put “s” at the end and “no” in front.) 7. No evites los vegetales!
8. Breathe deeply! 8. Respira profundamente!
8a. Don’t sleep deeply! (Take the yo – duermo, drop the o – duerm, add the opposite ending (a for an –ir verb) + s at the end and no in front) !No duermas profundamente!
Mandatos con –car, -gar, zar Remember –car, - gar, -zar verbs in the preterite? Well when a verb ends with –car, -gar, or – zar, there is a spelling change in the negative tú command as well. Just like in the preterite, the spelling change is to preserve the sound of the command.
-car verbs: Practicar: If you want to make the command negative, you have to follow the same rules: Take the “yo” Drop the “o” Add the opposite ending. Put a “no” in front and an “s” at the end. To avoid saying, “no practices”(where the c makes the s sound), you need to change the c to que: No practiques. This preserves the hard c sound of practicar, instead of the soft c that you hear in the word cine.
The same is true for –gar verbs. No avoid saying, “no jueges”, you change g to gu to maintain the hard g sound. No juegues. There is also a spelling change in –zar verbs. The z changes to c: No empieces.
Más práctica: 9. Don’t eat lunch in the classroom! No almuerces en la clase.
10. Don’t play basketball in the library! ¡No juegues al baloncesto en la biblioteca!
11. Don’t practice the piano after eating. No practiques el piano después de comer.