Por Mateo L.

El presente The present tense is used to speak of actions that are currently occurring, will occur, or just recently transpired. There are three types of verb endings in the Spanish langauge (ar, er, and ir), and each has a different conjugation. There are also a plentiful amount of irregular cases where exceptions will be made.

-AR The endings for –AR verbs in the present are: For example, the conjugation or mirar would be: SingularPlural 1 st Personoamos 2 nd Personasáis 3 rd Personaan SingularPlural 1 st Personmiromiramos 2 nd Personmirasmiráis 3 rd Personmiramiran

-ER Verbs ending in –ER have the following conjugation: The conjugation of comer would be: SingularPlural 1 st Personoemos 2 nd Personeséis 3 rd Personeen SingularPlural 1 st Personcomocomemos 2 nd Personcomescoméis 3 rd Personcomecomen

-IR IR verbs have the following endings: Notice that IR verbs have the same endings as ER verbs, excluding nosotros and vosotros forms. The conjugation of existir would be: SingularPlural 1 st Personoimos 2 nd Personesís 3 rd Personeen SingularPlural 1 st Personexistoexistimos 2 nd Personexistesexistís 3 rd Personexisteexisten

Ejemplos del Verbos Regulares 1. Nosotros _____ (look for) un regalo para ti. buscamos 2. La maestra _______ (divided) la clase en grupos. divide 3. Yo _____ (open) las ventanas durante la noche. abro 4. Tú _____ (sing) como una morsa (walrus). cantas 5. Pedro y tú me _______ (call) por teléfono. llamáis(vosotros)/llaman (Uds.)

Stem Changers Certain verbs vary the standard conjugation in the –yo, -tú, - él/ella/usted, and –ellos/ellas/ustedes forms. These verbs are usually designated by a specific letter after the verb in paranthesis. Stem changers are arranged by which letter in the verb is changed. They include: e  ie e  i o  ue u  ue

Stem Changers: e  ie The e is targeted in specific vowels to change. If there are more than one e, it is always the last e in the verb (excluding if the verb ends in –er) An example using perder: Other examples include tener, venir, cerrar, comenzar, divertirse, merendar, nevar, mentir, pensar, preferir, querer, recomendar, sentarse, sentirse, and empezar. SingularPlural 1 st Personpierdoperdimos 2 nd Personpierdesperdéis 3 rd Personpierdepierden

Stem Changers: e  i Verbs that target the e may also change to an i. It is always the last e targeted (exluding –er verbs). An example using pedir: Other examples include repetir, seguir, servir, vestirse, medir, and decir. SingularPlural 1 st Personpidopedimos 2 nd Personpidespedís 3 rd Personpidepiden

Stem Changers: o  ue Some stem changers involve the changing of the final o to a ue. An example using poder: Other examples include acostarse, almorzar, contar, costar, despertarse, dormir, encontrar, llover, morir, mostrar, probarse, recordar, soler, volver, devolver, and aprobarse. SingularPlural 1 st Personpuedopodemos 2 nd Personpuedespodéis 3 rd Personpuedepueden

Stem Changers: u  ue Other stem changers involve the changing of the second u to a ue. An example using jugar: SingularPlural 1 st Personjuegojugamos 2 nd Personjuegasjugáis 3 rd Personjuegajuegan

“Go” Verbos Certain verbs take a special ending in their –yo form endings only. These verbs are called “go” verbs, and include traer, valer, hacer, oír, poner, salir, decir, venir, and tener. Verbs may still take stem changer endings, but their –yo form changes to a –go. Tener: Traer: SingularPlural 1 st PersontenGOtenemos 2 nd Persontienestenéis 3 rd Persontienetienen SingularPlural 1 st PersontraiGOtraemos 2 nd Persontraestraéis 3 rd Persontraetraen

“OY” Verbos Similar to go verbs, “oy” verbs take a special ending in their –yo forms; each form is irregular, however. Ir: to hoSer: to be Estar: to beDar: to give SingularPlural 1 st Personvoyvamos 2 nd Personvasvais 3 rd Personvavan SingularPlural 1 st Personsoysomos 2 nd Personeressois 3 rd Personesson SingularPlural 1 st Personestoyestamos 2 nd Personestásestáis 3 rd Personestáestán SingularPlural 1 st Persondoydamos 2 nd Persondasdais 3 rd Persondadan

Saber, Haber, y Caber Saber, haber, and caber all have irregular forms that cannot be classified into a group. SaberHaber Caber ***Haber, however, is only used in the form of hay when describing existence. The above conjugation is for the present-perfect*** SingularPlural 1 st Personsésabemos 2 nd Personsabessabéis 3 rd Personsabesaben SingularPlural 1 st Personhehemos 2 nd Personhashabéis 3 rd Personhahan SingularPlural 1 st Personquepocabemos 2 nd Personcabescabéis 3 rd Personcabecaben

-ZCO Verbos Similar to oy and go verbs, certain verbs change to –zco in their yo forms. Conducir Other verbs that have this ending include producir, ofrecer, and conocer. SingularPlural 1 st PersonconduZCOconducimos 2 nd Personconducesconducís 3 rd Personconduceconducen

Otros –yo transformaciones -Cer/Cir  z vencer  venzo ejercer  ejerzo -Ger/Gir  j coger  cojo exigir  exijo protoger  protejo afligir  aflijo fingir  finjo -Guir  g (gu  u) corregir(elegir the same)seguir SingularPlural 1 st Personcorrijocorregimos 2 nd Personcorrigescorregís 3 rd Personcorrigecorrigen SingularPlural 1 st Personsigoseguimos 2 nd Personsiguesseguís 3 rd Personsiguesiguen

Verbos con –iar y -uar Specific verbs with consecutive vowels need to be stressed, so the vowel must contain an accent. EnviarContinuar Also include confiar, Include actuar and graduarse espiar, fiarse, guiar, resfriarse, and variar SingularPlural 1 st Personenvíoenviamos 2 nd Personenvíasenviáis 3 rd Personenvíaenvían SingularPlural 1 st Personcontinúocontinuamos 2 nd Personcontinúascontinuáis 3 rd Personcontinúacontinúan

Verbos como gustar Certain verbs are not conjugated at all; only a subject is needed to agree with the noun. The most common example of this group is gustar(le). DOPs are used here (direct object pronous) Gustar is conjugated to match the subject; singular or plural forms ONLY! (gusta; gustan) SingularPlural 1 st Personmenos 2 nd Personteos 3 rd Personle

Verbs that follow gustar like this include: caer(le), chocar(le), encantar(le), faltar(le), fasincar(le), fastidiar(le), molestar(le), parecer(le), importar(le), tocar(le), and interesar(le). To add emphasis to these words, (A + subject) may be added before the expression. Yo  A mí Tú  A ti The rest  A (the noun)

Ejemplos de todo 1. El programa ______ (concludes) después de cinco horas. concluye 2. Tú ______ (tell) un chiste a nosotros. cuentas 3. A mí _______ (seems to me) que la fiesta ______ (begins) a las siete. me parece empieza 4. Nosotros ______ (return) el regalo. devolvemos 5. Ellos ____ (sit) en el suelo. se sientan

6. Yo no _____ (fit) en la puerta. quepo 7. Vosotros _____ (grow) muy rápidamente. crecéis 8. Nosotros _____ (go) a la tienda los domingos. vamos 9. ______ (it thunders) mucho durante una tormenta. Truene 10. Tú me _____ (spy) cuando yo _____ (go out) con un chico guapo. esp íassalgo

11. A ella ______ (hates) esta canción. le choca 12. Nosotros no ______ (want) morir hoy. queremos 13. Yo siempre _____ (have fun) cuando yo _____ (am) contigo. me diviertoestoy 14. Usted no _____ (dress oneself) esta tarde. se viste 15. Vosotros no _____ (catch) la pelota. cogéis

16. Yo siempre _____ (conquer) mis enemigos. venzo 17. A vosotros ______ (really like) cocinar para mí. os encanta 18. Ellos ______ (follow) mis instruciones mal. siguen 19. Tu madre _____ (graduate) de la U hoy. se gradúa 20. Tú ______ (close) la puerta a mí muchas veces. cierras

21. Ellas _____ (move) sus cosas a menudo. mueven 22. El fuego _____ (destroys) la casa lentamente. destruye 23. Nosotros ____ (are) enemigos ahora. somos 24. Yo siempre ______ (protect) mis animales de peluche. protejo 25. Usted ____ (come) a la fiesta tarde muchas veces. viene