Formal Commands! In this presentation, you will learn about making commands in Spanish.

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Transcripción de la presentación:

Formal Commands! In this presentation, you will learn about making commands in Spanish.

Commands in English… … are pretty easy. You just use a base verb form (without a subject, since it’s always “you”) to tell people what they should do: Stand up! Sit down! Do your homework! Take out the garbage! Be quiet!

Commands in English… … and what they shouldn’t do: Don’t write in your books! Don’t speak English in Spanish class! Don’t be silly!

Commands in Spanish… … are little more complicated because we have so many ways of saying “you”: Tú: informal, singular Ud.: formal, singular Uds.: plural However, we will concentrate on the formal commands only.

Let’s look at a few examples! Hable despacio, por favor. ¡Repita, por favor.! Siéntese Ud. aquí. Entreguen Uds. la tarea. Hagan el ejercicio B. No hagan el ejercicio A. ¡No se levante Ud.! ¡No corran en la clase!

Hable despacio, por favor. The speaker is talking to one person. Can you figure out how we got the form “hable”? Take the “yo” form of the present: HABLO Drop the –o: HABL- “Hablar” is an –AR verb, so add –E to form the command: HABLE

Repita, por favor. The speaker is talking to one person. Can you figure out how we got the form “repita”? Take the “yo” form of the present: REPITO Drop the –o: REPIT- “Repetir” is an –IR verb, so add –A to form the command: REPITA

Opposite vowels Think of the verb adding the “opposite vowel”: AR verbs add an –E. ER & IR verbs add an –A.

Let’s try a couple! Comer: ¡______ Ud.! ¡Coma Ud.! Escribir: ¡_____ Ud.! ¡Escriba Ud.! Tomar: ¡_____ Ud.! ¡Tome Ud.! Entregar: ¡_____ la tarea! ¡Entregue la tarea! Note the spelling change because of the final –g sound.

Uds… Entreguen Uds. la tarea. Right! Just add an –N to the command form when you are talking to more than one person.

Let’s try a couple more! Comer: ¡______ Uds.! ¡Coman Uds.! Escribir: ¡_____ Uds.! ¡Escriban Uds.! Tomar: ¡_____ Uds.! ¡Tomen Uds.! Comenzar: ¡_____ el examen! ¡Comiencen el examen! Note the spelling change because of the final –z.

¡Levántese! What about reflexive verbs? ¡Levántese! / ¡Siéntese! In affirmative commands, all objects are attached to the end of the verb. Levante + se Levanten + se

¡No! How do we make negative commands in Spanish? ¡No fume! ¡No tome café! ¡No coma tanto! Right – simply put the word NO in front of the command form.

¡No se levante! What about reflexive verbs? ¡No se levante! ¡No se siénte! In negative commands, all objects precede the verb. No se levante. No se levanten. No se siente. No se sienten.

Some irregulars What would a lesson be without a few irregulars to make it interesting?? Can you guess where these forms come from? Haga la tarea. Tenga paciencia. Salga ahora. Vuelva a casa. Piense bien. ¡Sé bueno! ¡Esté tranquila!

¿Qué pasa? Haga la tarea. Hacer > yo hago > -o + -a Tenga paciencia. Tener > yo tengo > -o + -a Salga ahora. Salir > yo salgo > - o + -a Vuelva a casa. Volver > yo vuelvo > -o + -a Piense bien. Pensar > yo pienso > -o + -e These verbs follow the same formula: start with the yo form, drop the –o, and add the opposite vowel.

Sé, esté, dé, sepa, vaya These five verbs are very irregular for a good reason: Ser > yo soy Estar > yo estoy Dar > yo doy Saber > yo sé Ir > yo voy The yo form does not end in an –o, so there is no –o to drop when forming the command form.

Practicar! USTED 1. No ____________ tan buena. (ser) 2. Al final de la calle, ____________ a la izquierda. (doblar) 3. No ____________ del coche todavía, Señor Presidente. (bajar) 4. ____________ el refresco en el café. (beber) 5. ____________ el césped. (cortar) USTEDES 1. No ____________ las instrucciones. (seguir e → i) 2. ____________ la foto si les doy la señal. (tomar) 3. ____________ una carta. (escribir) 4. ____________la basura. (sacar) 5. No ____________ al supermercado. (ir)

Repaso - Mandatos - Informal Tu affirmative Yo form of the verb…drop the o and add the third person singular ending. Pensarpiensopiensa Comercomocome Escribirescriboescribe Buscarbuscobusca Llegarllegollega Organizar organizo organiza Recogerrecogorecoge Seguirsigosigue Tu negative Yo form of the verb…drop the o and add the opposite tu ending. No pienses No comas No escribas No busques No llegues No organices No recojas No sigas

Tú form affirmative irregulars Say ven Diesal has ten weapons… Ser → sé no seas Venir → ven no vengas Decir → di no digas Salir → sal no salgas Hacer → haz no hagas Tener → ten no tengas Ir → ve no vayas Poner → ponno pongas Dar → dano des

Practicar! ¡Vamos a practicar! Tú 1. __________ una fiesta. (tener) 2. __________ aquí. (venir) 3. No __________ la mesa. (poner) 4. __________ la verdad. (decir) 5. No __________ la tarea. (hacer)

Pronoun Placement Affirmative Commands: Pronoun Placement (affirmative commands) → attach reflexive & object pronouns to the end of affirmative commands Example: Escríbela..(Escribe la carta.) → when pronouns are attached, an accent mark must be put on the command → count 3 syllables back & add an accent

Pronoun Placement Negative Commands: Pronoun Placemet (negative commands) → put the pronouns in front of the negative commands → no pronoun(s) command Example: No la escribas. (no escribas la carta.)