Los Mandatos Formales e Informales (Formal and Informal Commands) El Futuro y El Condicional (Future and Conditional Tenses)

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Transcripción de la presentación:

Los Mandatos Formales e Informales (Formal and Informal Commands) El Futuro y El Condicional (Future and Conditional Tenses)

What is a Mandato? A “mandato” is a command. In English and Spanish we use commands when we tell someone what to do or what not to do. In English when a mother says to her children “Don’t play with your food!” or “Come here right now, please.” these are examples of commands. {“I need you to…” OR “I want you to…” are NOT commands.} What kinds of Mandatos exist in Spanish? There are formal and informal commands both singular and plural. They are both affirmative and negative. The kind of command you use depends upon the recipient. Are you telling a child to do something? Are you giving a command to your boss at work? Are you commanding more than one person? All of these require a different kind of command. Let’s look at each kind of command in turn:

Mandatos para “Tú” Tú commands are informal singular commands - you use them for only 1 person with whom you have a friendly informal relationship. Examples include: 1 child, 1 friend, 1 classmate, etc. How do you make a tú command? There are different steps for an affirmative and a negative tú command. Let’s see: Affirmative Commands - telling someone to do something Negative Commands - telling someone not to do something (always start with the infinitive) (always start with the infinitive) 1. Conjugate for ‘tú’ present tense1. Conjugate for ‘yo’ present tense 2. Drop ‘s’2. Drop ‘o’ 3. Verbs ending in –car, -gar, -zar will have a consonant change: * There are 8 irregular affirmative ‘Tú’ commands:-car: c - qu decir = di-gar: g - gu hacer = haz-zar: z - c ir = ve4. For -ar verbs: add –es & For -er/-ir verbs: add -as poner = pon salir = sal * There are 5 irregular negative ‘Tú’ commands: ser = sé saber = no sepas tener = ten ir = no vayas venir = venser = no seas dar = no des estar = no estés Let’s look at “hablar” as an example: Affirmative: {infinitive} hablar – {tú} hablas – hablas = habla (speak) Negative: {infinitive} hablar – {yo} hablo – hablo – habl - no hables (don’t speak)

What if you have a reflexive verb?: When you have a reflexive verb (bañarse, ponerse, vestirse, etc.) and you want to make a “tú” command: 1.Remove the reflexive pronoun “se” and conjugate for the rules given on the previous slide. 2.Change the “se” to “te” to match your “tú” command. 3.If it is an affirmative command, attach the “te” at the end and count back 3 vowels and add an accent mark. If it is a negative command, put the “te” in front. Let’s look at “vestirse” as an example: Affirmative: {infinitive without “se”} vestir – {tú} vistes – vistes = viste + te = vístete (get dressed) Negative: {infinitive without “se”} vestir – {yo} visto – visto = no + te + vistas = no te vistas (don’t get dressed)

Practicamos (Let’s practice) para Tú: ACTIVIDAD A: 1. Llamar (Call) al doctor, mamá. A) llamaB) llamesC) llame D) llamas 2. No hablar (speak) tan fuerte, niño. A) hableB) hablaC) hablasD) hables 3. Comer (eat) todas tus verduras – veggies – mi hijo.A) comasB) comeC) comesD) coma 4. Manejar (drive) despacio por favor, mi amor.A) manejasB) manejesC) manejeD) maneja 5. No abrir (open) la ventana porque tengo frío. ¿No tienes frío? A) abras B) abres C) abreD) abra 6. Esconder (hide) el huevo de Pascua para los niños pronto. A) escondaB) escondes C) esconde D) escondas 7. No hacer (do) cosas malas. A) hazB) haceC) hacesD) hagas 8. No seguir (follow) ese camino, amigo. A) sigasB) siguesC) sigueD) siga 9. Ver (see) al letrero. Dice "no fumar“, Pedro.A) vesB) veC) veaD) veas 10. No leer (read) sin luz adecuada, hermana.A) leasB) leesC) leeD) lea The following is a FUN websi te to practice and learn affirmative and negative tú commands including irregulars. You can listen to each command by clicking next to it, you can practice with the flashcards & MAKE SURE to play the games “Scatter” and “Space Race” for some great practice. You can even take the “Test” if you want!

Mandatos para “Usted” (Ud.) Mandatos para ‘Ud.’ (Commands for “Ud.”) are singular commands used for 1 person with whom you have a formal relationship – you would probably address them as “Mr.” or “Ms.” How do we form them? Start with the infinitive and …. Affirmative CommandsNegative Commands 1. Conjugate ‘yo’ present tense1. Follow same directions as for 2. Drop ‘o’ (or ‘oy’ for verb ‘estar’) forming an affirmative ‘Ud.’ command 3. Verbs ending in -car, -gar, -zar will have a consonant change:2. Put ‘no’ in front of command -car: c - qu -gar: g - gu -zar: z - c 4. For -ar verbs: add -e & For -er/-ir verbs: add –a * There are 5 irregular Ud. Commands: ir = (no) vayasaber = (no) sepaser = (no) sea dar = (no) déestar – (no) esté Let’s look at “comenzar” as an example: Affirmative: {infinitive} comenzar – comienzo – comienzo – comienc {“z” changes to “c”} - comience (begin) Negative: * Same steps as above but add “no” = No comience (don’t begin)

What if you have a reflexive verb? When you have a reflexive verb (vestirse, etc.), and you want to conjugate for an “Ud.” command: 1.Remove the reflexive pronoun “se” and conjugate for the rules on the previous slide. 2.If it is an affirmative command, attach the “se” at the end and count back 3 vowels and add an accent mark. If it is a negative command, put the “se” in front. Let’s look at “vestirse” as an example: Affirmative: {infinitive without “se”} vestir – {yo} visto – visto = vista + se = vístase (get dressed) Negative: {infinitive without “se”} vestir – {yo} visto – visto = no + se + vista = no se vista (don’t get dressed)

Mandatos para “Ustedes” (Uds.): Mandatos para ‘Uds.’ (Commands for “Uds.”) are plural commands used for more than 1 person – whether friends or a group of strangers. How do we form them? Start with the infinitive and… 1.Follow same directions as if you were forming an “Usted” (Ud.) command 2.Put an ‘n’ at end of command form * There are 5 irregular Uds. Commands (These are the same as for “Ud.” Commands): ir = (no) vayansaber = (no) sepanser = (no) sean dar = (no) dénestar – (no) estén When you have a reflexive verb (vestirse, etc.), remove the reflexive pronoun “se” and conjugate for the rules above. If it is an affirmative command, attach the “se” at the end and count back 3 vowels and add an accent mark. If it is a negative command, put the “se” in front. Let’s look at “vestirse” as an example: Affirmative: {infinitive without “se”} vestir – {yo} visto – visto = vistan + se = vístanse (get dressed) Negative: {infinitive without “se”} vestir – {yo} visto – visto = no + se + vistan = no se vistan (don’t get dressed)

Practicamos los mandatos de Uds.: ACTIVIDAD B Queridos estudiantes, Por favor 1. ser (be) más ambiciosos en la clase de español. 2. trabajar (work) y 3. hacer (do) su tarea. 4. Prestar (pay) atención y no 5. dormir (sleep) en clase. 6. Venir (come) preparados a la clase y 7. Practicar (practice) su español siempre. 8. Aprender (learn) todo su vocabulario y 9. repetir (repeat) las palabras todos los días. 10. Memorizar (memorize) sus diálogos y 11. presentar (present) a tiempo. 12. Estudiar (study) mucho y 13. participar (participate) en clase. No 14. hablar (talk) durante la lección y no 15. usar (use) sus teléfonos. No 16. ir (go) mucho al baño… GRACIAS. * In one sentence explain how you would make the above commands for “Usted”.

Todos juntos (All together): Decide what kind of command you need for the following. For example, if you are only talking to one person do you need tú or and Ud. command? If you are talking to more than one person you need an Uds. command! Conjugate the verb appropriately. ACTIVIDAD C Mercedes: No me gusta esperar, Natalia. Natalia: 1) TENER paciencia, Mercedes. Quiero comprar este vestido. Sr. Jefe: Es muy importante venir temprano mañana porque tenemos muchas liquidaciones y abrimos temprano. Sr. Empleado A y Sr. Empleado B: No nos 2) DECIR que hacer, Sr. Jefe. No nos gusta estar aquí temprano. Vamos a una fiesta esta noche. Sr. Jefe: Sr. Empleado A y Sr. Empleado B, no me gustan su actitud. 3) SALIR de aquí inmediatamente. También, no me 4) PEDIR nada. Esposo: Mi amor, 5) DECIRme a mí de tus compras. ¿Qué compraste? Esposa: Pues, no 6) ENOJARSE conmigo porque compré mucho pero las camisas eran dos por uno y había una venta con los pantalones. 7) MIRAR lo que tengo. Son muy bonitos, ¿no? * What questions do you still have?

There is only one set of endings in the future, regardless if the verb is an -ar or –er or -ir but you do NOT drop the -ar, -er or -ir. YoTúTúÉ l, ella, usted Nosotros / Nosotras Vosotros/ Vosotras Ellos, Ellas, Uds. éásás á emos é is ánán * Note: all endings carry an accent mark EXCEPT for the Nosotros/Nosotras form.

+ We make the Future Tense by adding one of the above endings to the Infinitive itself (the same as we do with the Conditional.)Conditional + For example, let's look at Comer: – Comeré a las ocho. (I will eat at eight o'clock.) – Comeremos en el restaurante Habana el viernes. (We'll eat at Habana Restaurant on Friday.)

More Irregular Future Verbs Irregular Root YoTúÉl, ella, Usted Nosotros, Nosotras Vosotros, Vosotras Ellos, ellas, Ustedes Caber: cabr cabrécabráscabrácabremoscabréiscabrán Querer: querr querréquerrásquerráquerremosquerréisquerrán Saber: sabr sabrésabrássabrásabremossabréissabrán Valer: valdr valdrévaldrásvaldrávaldremosvaldréisvaldrán

+ Viviré en California el próximo verano. + Irás ir a la playa cada día. + Buscaremos conchas. + I will live in California next summer. + You will go to the beach every day. + We will look for seashells.

+ ¿Qué hora será? + ¿ Estarán casados Barbie y Ken? + I wonder what time it is? + I wonder if Barbie and Ken are married?

+ Voy a tomar el sol en la playa el viernes. – I'm going to sunbathe on the beach on Friday. OR You can just use the Future: + Tomaré el sol en la playa el viernes. – I will sunbathe on the beach on Friday.

Actividad D En el futuro, yo pienso que el mundo 1 ____ (ser) muy diferente. Primero, todos nosotros 2 ____ (vivir) por muchos m á s a ñ os, y muchas enfermedades de hoy en d í a ya no 3 ____ (existir). Tambi é n, pienso que no 4 ____ (haber) televisi ó n. En vez, las personas 5 ____ (recibir) los programas autom á ticamente en sus cabezas. No s é cómo... posiblemente todos nosotros 6 ____ (tener) antenas en nuestras cabezas. Tambi é n creo que si tú quieres leer un p á rrafo como é ste, no 7 ____ (tener) que "leer“, s ó lo 8 ____ (necesitar) tocar la p á gina con tus dedos y la informaci ó n 9 ____ (entrar) autom á ticamente en tu cabeza. T ú 10 ____ (saber) todo s ó lo con tus dedos.

¡Me GUSTARĺA aprender el condicional! (I bet you can translate that sentence. So you have used the conditional tense for ages. )

There is only one set of endings in the conditional, regardless if the verb is an –ar or –er or -ir but you do NOT drop the -ar, -er or -ir.

We make the Conditional by adding one of the endings on the previous slide to the Infinitive itself - do not remove the last two letters as we have in the past! (We don't remove the endings for the Future Tense either!)Future Tense For example: – Preferiría comer a las ocho. – I would prefer to eat at eight o'clock. – Cenaríamos en el restaurante Los Cubanos en San José. – We would eat at Los Cubanos Restaurant in San José.

More Irregular Conditional Verbs Irregular Root YoTúÉl, ella, Usted Nosotros, Nosotras Vosotros, Vosotras Ellos, ellas, Ustedes Caber: cabr cabríacabríascabríacabríamoscabríaiscabrían Querer: querr querríaquerríasquerríaquerríamosquerríaisquerrían Saber: sabr sabríasabríassabríasabríamossabríaissabrían Valer: valdr valdríavaldríasvaldríavaldríamosvaldríaisvaldrían

+ Me gustaría vivir en California. – I would like to live in California. + Irías a la playa si vivieras en Miami. – You would go to the beach if you lived in Miami. + ¡Haría un salto de 'bungee' de cualquier puente! – He would bungee jump from any bridge!

+ ¿Firmaría usted el cheque, por favor? – Would you sign the check, please? + ¿Me podría traer una servilleta, por favor? - Would you bring me a napkin, please? + ¿Sabría usted el nombre de esa mujer? – Would you happen to know the name of that woman?

ACTIVIDAD E Mi hermana me dijo que ella 1 ____ (venir) a pasar unos d í as conmigo esta semana. Ella me escribi ó que le 2 ____ (gustar) ver unos partidos de b é isbol. Yo contest é que 3 ____ (poder) ir a los dos partidos en el fin de semana, pero que nosotros tambi é n 4 ____ (tener) que pasar por mi trabajo el s á bado porque hay mucho que hacer ah í. Ella dijo que no 5 ____ (ser) problema para ella, y que tambi é n sus amigas 6 ____ (visitar) con ella, y que a ellas les 7 ____ (encantar) ayudarme tambi é n.

1.vendría 2.gustaría 3.podría 4.tendríamos 5.sería 6.visitarían 7.encantaría