LA LATERALIZACIÓN DEL SISTEMA FÓNICO 21 FEB 2011 – DÍA 18 Neurolingüística del español SPAN 4270 Harry Howard Tulane University

ORGANIZACIÓN DEL CURSO Neurospan/ El curso es apto para un electivo en neurociencia. Neurolinguistics and linguistic aphasiology está en reserva en la biblioteca. Human Research Protection Program Before beginning research at Tulane University, all research personnel must complete the CITI Training Program; this can be completed at 02/21/11 2 SPAN Harry Howard - Tulane University

REPASO ¡La prueba es el repaso! 02/21/11 SPAN Harry Howard - Tulane University 3

TEORÍA DE ACCESO LÉXICO (LEVELT 2001) 02/21/11 4 SPAN Harry Howard - Tulane University enfoque conceptual concepto léxico selección de lema lema Selección léxica recuperar código fonológico morfémico código fonológico prosodificación, silabificación palabra fonológicacodificación fonéticaarticulación Codificación de forma

SELECCIÓN LÉXICA 02/21/11 5 SPAN Harry Howard - Tulane University arma animal pez cabra espada arco flecha arma Nodos de conceptos léxicos Nodos de lemas

CODIFICACIÓN DE FORMA 02/21/11 SPAN Harry Howard - Tulane University 6 /p/ /e/ /s/ /e/ /s/ /pes/ /pe/ /ses/ recuperar código fonológico morfémico (/p/,/e/,/s/) (/e/,/s/) prosodificación, silabificación ω / \ σ /pe – ses/ codificación fonética rasgos distintivos articulación [pe] [ses] [C][V] [C][V][C] "peces"

LA LATERALIZACIÓN DEL SISTEMA FÓNICO HOET § /21/11 7 SPAN Harry Howard - Tulane University

UNA DISTINCIÓN Características como la sonoridad, el lugar y la manera de articulación pertenecen a fonos = segméntales. Características como el acento pertenecen a un grupo de fonos = suprasegméntales o prosódicas. La prosodia es el conjunto de inflexiones melódicas que hace la voz durante la producción de la cadena fónica. tono, intensidad (volumen), cantidad (duración) 02/21/11 10 SPAN Harry Howard - Tulane University

KINDS OF LINGUISTIC PROSODY Lexical and phrasal prosody, see next 2 slides Sentence type and prosodic contour Contrastive (or emphatic or focal) stress Determining whether two sentences are identical based on any of these stress patterns 02/21/11 9 SPAN Harry Howard - Tulane University

LEXICAL PROSODY (CAPS MARK STRESSED SYLLABLE) Noun vs. verb in English (±15) CONvert vs. conVERT Thai naa with a rising pitch tone means “thick” naa with a falling pitch tone means “face” LHD (but not RHD) affects both of these rules 02/21/11 10 SPAN Harry Howard - Tulane University

PHRASAL PROSODY Compound noun rule noun phrase:hot DOG (a dog that is hot) adjective+noun:HOTdog (a frankfurter) noun+noun:SHEEPdog (a breed of dogs) Stress retraction After eating FOURteen CAKES, he threw up. After eating fourTEEN, CAKES did not tempt him. LHD (but not RHD) affects both of these rules 02/21/11 11 SPAN Harry Howard - Tulane University

CONTRASTIVE (OR EMPHATIC OR FOCAL) STRESS [CLAUSAL PROSODY] Examples The horses were racing from the BARN. The HORSES were racing from the barn. LHD (but not RHD) affects this 02/21/11 12 SPAN Harry Howard - Tulane University

SENTENCE TYPE AND PROSODIC CONTOUR Types declarative: fall in pitch at end I eat chocolate. interrogative: rise for yes-no question (a); fall for interrogative pronoun (b) Do you eat chocolate? What do you eat? imperative: even pitch throughout; rise in intensity at end Eat chocolate! RHD (but not LHD) reduces accuracy and variation in pitch 02/21/11 13 SPAN Harry Howard - Tulane University

S UMMARY lexical stress CONvert ~ conVERT tone languages phrasal stress noun compounding stress retraction clausal stress contrastive stress emotional prosody sentence type declarative, interrogative, imperative LHRH 02/21/11 SPAN Harry Howard - Tulane University 14

MORE RECENT RESEARCH: LATERALIZATION OF ACOUSTIC CUES OR PARAMETERS Cue or parameter models seek hemispheric specialization in some component of the acoustic signal which either flags a semantic construct (a cue) or constitutes a broad physical measure (a parameter). I know of five well-articulated positions that have been set forth as the defining cue or parameter of hemispheric specialization: the acoustic transitions that make up a given phonological segment the duration of the transitions the frequency of the spectral information the frequency of information in general the size of temporal integration windows categorical vs. graded relations Normal speech confounds these hopelessly, so it will be quite a challenge to tease out and evaluate the contribution of any single one. 02/21/11 15 SPAN Harry Howard - Tulane University

EL PRÓXIMO DÍA La lateralización del sistema fónico 2 02/21/11 16 SPAN Harry Howard - Tulane University