¿Y DESPÚES DEL ACCESO? LA IMPORTANCIA DEL CAPITAL SOCIAL Y EL USO DE INTERNET PARA EL DESARROLLO HUMANO Roxana Barrantes, Aileen Agüero & Diego Aguilar.

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Transcripción de la presentación:

¿Y DESPÚES DEL ACCESO? LA IMPORTANCIA DEL CAPITAL SOCIAL Y EL USO DE INTERNET PARA EL DESARROLLO HUMANO Roxana Barrantes, Aileen Agüero & Diego Aguilar 01 de julio de 2019 centrolatam.digital

MOTIVATION #CPRLATAM2019 ¿Y DESPUÉS DEL ACCESO? LA IMPORTANCIA DEL CAPITAL SOCIAL Y EL USO DE INTERNET PARA EL DESARROLLO HUMANO

CENTRO DE POLÍTICA DIGITAL PARA AMÉRICA LATINA Nombre de la presentación ICT and its key role in promoting development (Duncombe 2007; Waema & Adera 2011). Positive results using “access approach” lead to optimistic indicators-based policy. Binary indicators problem (access/not access, use/not use). ICT as a mean (not as a final end) to expand people’s freedom to engage in activities they value (Sen, 1999). ICT are network technologies and development should be analyzed from a collective perspective. 3

RESEARCH OBJETIVE #CPRLATAM2019 ¿Y DESPUÉS DEL ACCESO? LA IMPORTANCIA DEL CAPITAL SOCIAL Y EL USO DE INTERNET PARA EL DESARROLLO HUMANO

CENTRO DE POLÍTICA DIGITAL PARA AMÉRICA LATINA Nombre de la presentación This study seeks to analyze the role of social capital as a determinant of people’s decisions about engaging in online activities they value. 5

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK: CAPABILITY APPROACH #CPRLATAM2019 ¿Y DESPUÉS DEL ACCESO? LA IMPORTANCIA DEL CAPITAL SOCIAL Y EL USO DE INTERNET PARA EL DESARROLLO HUMANO

Source: Adapted from Kleine (2014). Authors’ own elaboration. 7 CENTRO DE POLÍTICA DIGITAL PARA AMÉRICA LATINA Nombre de la presentación Source: Adapted from Kleine (2014). Authors’ own elaboration. 7

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK: SOCIAL CAPITAL #CPRLATAM2019 ¿Y DESPUÉS DEL ACCESO? LA IMPORTANCIA DEL CAPITAL SOCIAL Y EL USO DE INTERNET PARA EL DESARROLLO HUMANO

Individual preferences within a social circle. CENTRO DE POLÍTICA DIGITAL PARA AMÉRICA LATINA Nombre de la presentación Each individual is characterized by the number of relationships of trust and social bonds they have within their social circle or environment (peer effects). People’s social circle (belonging to social groups; e.g. political, religious), may drive ICT use for specific purposes. Individual preferences within a social circle. Costs of association (commitments, less time available). 9

DATA #CPRLATAM2019 ¿Y DESPUÉS DEL ACCESO? LA IMPORTANCIA DEL CAPITAL SOCIAL Y EL USO DE INTERNET PARA EL DESARROLLO HUMANO

CENTRO DE POLÍTICA DIGITAL PARA AMÉRICA LATINA Nombre de la presentación We use After Access 2017-2018 database that includes very specific information about ICT access and use for five Latin American countries (national, urban and rural inference level): Argentina Ecuador Colombia Peru Guatemala Paraguay 11

12 CENTRO DE POLÍTICA DIGITAL PARA AMÉRICA LATINA Nombre de la presentación 12

INTERNET USE, BY COUNTRY AND ACTIVITY CENTRO DE POLÍTICA DIGITAL PARA AMÉRICA LATINA Nombre de la presentación INTERNET USE, BY COUNTRY AND ACTIVITY A. INFORMATION B. ECONOMIC C. POLITICAL D. LEARNING E. ENTERTAINMENT Source: After Access 2017-2018. Authors’ own elaboration. 13

Social capital variables: CENTRO DE POLÍTICA DIGITAL PARA AMÉRICA LATINA Nombre de la presentación Social capital variables: Network association (belong to an organization). Network connection (network members live nearby and know each other). Network diversity (network members have different characteristics and preferences from the respondent). Socioeconomic variables: Age Sex Education Rural SEC 13

EMPIRICAL STRATEGY #CPRLATAM2019 ¿Y DESPUÉS DEL ACCESO? LA IMPORTANCIA DEL CAPITAL SOCIAL Y EL USO DE INTERNET PARA EL DESARROLLO HUMANO

Within-capabilities model CENTRO DE POLÍTICA DIGITAL PARA AMÉRICA LATINA Nombre de la presentación Within-capabilities model Internet use of for specific activities. Number of sub-activities within capabilities. Discrete choice model: probability of using Internet for five specific purposes, based on social capital variables and socioeconomic variables. OLS: social capital influence over the number of online sub-activities. (2) Cross-capabilities model Internet use for diverse activities. Diversification effect: number of different online activities. OLS: social capital effect over the number of online activities (up to five activities). Ordered discrete choice model: evaluate how the estimated probabilities of social capital effect change depending on the number of activities. 16

RESULTS: WITHIN-CAPABILITIES #CPRLATAM2019 ¿Y DESPUÉS DEL ACCESO? LA IMPORTANCIA DEL CAPITAL SOCIAL Y EL USO DE INTERNET PARA EL DESARROLLO HUMANO

MARGINAL EFFECTS – NETWORK ASSOCIATION VARIABLE CENTRO DE POLÍTICA DIGITAL PARA AMÉRICA LATINA Nombre de la presentación MARGINAL EFFECTS – NETWORK ASSOCIATION VARIABLE Source: After Access 2017-2018. Authors’ own elaboration. 18

MARGINAL EFFECTS – NETWORK CONNECTION VARIABLE CENTRO DE POLÍTICA DIGITAL PARA AMÉRICA LATINA Nombre de la presentación MARGINAL EFFECTS – NETWORK CONNECTION VARIABLE Source: After Access 2017-2018. Authors’ own elaboration. 19

MARGINAL EFFECTS – NETWORK DIVERSITY VARIABLE CENTRO DE POLÍTICA DIGITAL PARA AMÉRICA LATINA Nombre de la presentación MARGINAL EFFECTS – NETWORK DIVERSITY VARIABLE Source: After Access 2017-2018. Authors’ own elaboration. 20

OLS ESTIMATED PARAMETERS CENTRO DE POLÍTICA DIGITAL PARA AMÉRICA LATINA OLS ESTIMATED PARAMETERS 21

RESULTS: CROSS-CAPABILITIES #CPRLATAM2019 ¿Y DESPUÉS DEL ACCESO? LA IMPORTANCIA DEL CAPITAL SOCIAL Y EL USO DE INTERNET PARA EL DESARROLLO HUMANO

OLS ESTIMATED PARAMETERS CENTRO DE POLÍTICA DIGITAL PARA AMÉRICA LATINA Nombre de la presentación OLS ESTIMATED PARAMETERS 23

MARGINAL EFFECTS – NETWORK ASSOCIATION VARIABLE CENTRO DE POLÍTICA DIGITAL PARA AMÉRICA LATINA Nombre de la presentación MARGINAL EFFECTS – NETWORK ASSOCIATION VARIABLE Source: After Access 2017-2018. Authors’ own elaboration. 24

MARGINAL EFFECTS – NETWORK CONNECTION VARIABLE CENTRO DE POLÍTICA DIGITAL PARA AMÉRICA LATINA Nombre de la presentación MARGINAL EFFECTS – NETWORK CONNECTION VARIABLE Source: After Access 2017-2018. Authors’ own elaboration. 25

MARGINAL EFFECTS – NETWORK DIVERSITY VARIABLE CENTRO DE POLÍTICA DIGITAL PARA AMÉRICA LATINA Nombre de la presentación MARGINAL EFFECTS – NETWORK DIVERSITY VARIABLE Source: After Access 2017-2018. Authors’ own elaboration. 26

CONCLUSIONS #CPRLATAM2019 ¿Y DESPUÉS DEL ACCESO? LA IMPORTANCIA DEL CAPITAL SOCIAL Y EL USO DE INTERNET PARA EL DESARROLLO HUMANO

CENTRO DE POLÍTICA DIGITAL PARA AMÉRICA LATINA Nombre de la presentación People considers not only his/her preferences, but also others preferences: social capital does play a role depending on different Internet uses. Virtual environment improve (complement), rather than replace (substitute) face-to-face relationships. Initiatives that ignore development as a process in which people are the center may be incomplete. It is fundamental to promote people’s capabilities to freely take full advantage of ICT benefits doing activities they value. 28

roxbarrantes@iep.org.pe / barrantes.r@pucp.edu.pe aaguero@iep.org.pe roxbarrantes@iep.org.pe / barrantes.r@pucp.edu.pe daguilar@iep.org.pe centrolatam.digital