Gramática (pg 9 del paquete rosado)

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1 Gramática (pg 9 del paquete rosado)
In English, we know that pronouns take the place of the nouns. Pronouns in Spanish do the same thing. Here are the Spanish pronouns and what they mean in English:

2 Plural pronouns (more than 1)
Singular pronouns (only 1) Plural pronouns (more than 1) Yo = I Tú = you (friendly/familiar) Él = he Ella = she Usted = you (formal/ respectful) Nosotros we Nosotras we (only feminine) Ellos = they Ellas = they (only feminine) Ustedes = all of you/ you all/ you guys

3 The subjects in SPANISH

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5

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9 SER and ESTAR “to be”

10 SER = TO BE When we speak English, we are constantly conjugating verbs. Conjugating means changing the form of the verb to fit with the subject.

11 SER = TO BE So when you want to use “I” as your subject and want to use “to be” as the verb, you say “I am.”

12 SER = TO BE In English, “To Be” is conjugated in this way 
In English, you are changing the verb each time depending on the subject. SAME WITH SPANISH!  I AM WE ARE YOU ARE X HE / SHE/ IT IS THEY ARE

13 SER = TO BE First, it is important to know the subjects in English. I
I  We You X He/ she/ it They/ all of you

14 We = nosotros/nosotras
SER = TO BE Then, it is important to know the subjects in Spanish. I = yo  We = nosotros/nosotras You = tú X He/ she/ you(formal)= él/ ella/ Usted ellos (they masc) they = ellas (they fem) ustedes (all of you)

15 What exactly is “conjugating?”
We do this with verbs all the time without thinking about it.

16 He/ she/ you(formal) runs
To Run I run We run You run X He/ she/ you(formal) runs they run

17 they = ellos / ellas/ ustedes (all of you)
I = yo We = nosotros You = tú INFORMAL X He/ she/ you(formal)= él/ ella/ Usted they = ellos / ellas/ ustedes (all of you)

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19 SER = TO BE “Ser” changes its form based on its subject.
Remember “Soy de Renton.”….

20 (means THEY (masc) ARE, THEY (fem) ARE, ALL OF YOU ARE)
SER = TO BE Yo SOY (means I AM) Nosotros/nosotras SOMOS (means WE ARE) Tú ERES (means YOU ARE) X Él ES Ella ES Usted ES (means HE IS, SHE IS, you formal ARE) ellos SON ellas SON ustedes SON (means THEY (masc) ARE, THEY (fem) ARE, ALL OF YOU ARE)

21 In order to conjugate (make the verb match the subject), you must memorize the form of the verb that corresponds to the subject. For example: Tú ______. I go to the “Tú” box, see the verb form is “eres,” so I write “eres” on the line. “Eres” is the form of SER that goes with “Tú.” Tú eres = you are.

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24 SER = TO BE So, what does “Soy de Richboro” mean? I am from Richboro
What does “Eres de Richboro” mean? You are from Richboro. What does “Somos de Richboro” mean? We are from Richboro.

25 ESTAR = to be For now, you simply need to know that SER is for more permanent things, and ESTAR is for things that change, like location and feelings.

26 Práctica 1. “I am from Pennsylvania.” ____________________________. 2.“We are from Council Rock.” ____________________________. 3. “Where are you from?” _______________________________. 4. “Where are they from?” ________________________________

27 Práctica “I am from Pennsylvania.” Yo soy de Pensilvania
2.“We are from Council Rock.” Nosotros somos de Council Rock. 3. “Where are you from?” ¿De dónde eres tú? 4. “Where are they from?” ¿De dónde son (ellos)?

28 SER Yo SOY Nosotros SOMOS Nosotras SOMOS Tú ERES X Él ES Ella ES
Usted ES Ellos SON ellas SON ustedes SON Anyone and I= we anyone and you = all of you Anyone y yo = nosotros anyone y tú or anyone y usted = ustedes

29 AGUAS! (careful) What if your subject does not specifically say yo, tú, él, ella, usted, nosotros, or ellos, ellas, ustedes?!?!?!?! you must consider what the subject is. For example, if you want to say Juan is tall, you must think of Juan as being “He,” and use the “he” form, because it is third person singular.

30 AGUAS! (Careful) So you would say “Juan es alto.”
“es” is the third person singular form of SER.

31 AGUAS! (Careful) What does “we” mean? It means “he and I” or “you and I” or “they and I.” So if you ever see something like “Ellos y yo” or “Tú y yo” or “Carla y yo”, what form should you use? The “We” form!

32 AGUAS! (Careful) So “You and I are from Richboro” would be Tú y yo somos de Richboro.” “somos” is the “we” form of SER.

33 Práctica Carlos _______________ tenista. (Ser)
2. Ellas _______________ francesas. (Ser) 3. El perro _______________ grande. (Ser) 4. Yo no _______________ marinero. (Ser)

34 Práctica Carlos _es_ tenista. (Ser) 2. Ellas _ son _ francesas. (Ser)
3. El perro _ es _ grande. (Ser) 4. Yo no _ soy__ marinero. (Ser)

35 Él ______ Las chicas _______ Nosotros _________ Mi madre ___________ Mis amigos ____________ Yo ___________ Tú _________ Usted ___________ Ustedes ____________

36 He is ____________ They are (fem) _______________ All of you/you guys are ____________ She is _______________ We are ____________ John and I are _____________ Pedro and Amalia are ______________ I am _______________ Are you? ________________ You formal are ___________________

37 ESTAR But now that you know how to conjugate SER, let’s see how you do with ESTAR!!!

38 they = ellos / ellas/ ustedes
ESTAR The subjects do not change. I = yo We = nosotros You = tú X He/ she/ you(formal)= él/ ella/ Usted they = ellos / ellas/ ustedes

39 ellos / ellas/ ustedes ESTÁN
ESTAR However, the formation is a bit different. Yo ESTOY Nosotros ESTAMOS Tú ESTÁS X Él/ ella/ Usted ESTÁ ellos / ellas/ ustedes ESTÁN

40 ESTAR You already have heard one form of “ESTAR.”
Do you remember what it is?

41 ESTAR Oh, Sí! “¿Cómo estás?” That means “How are you?”
Estás is the “tú” form, which is “you,” so the question is finding out how “you are / are you.”

42 ESTAR = to be Yo ESTOY (means I am) Nosotros/nosotras ESTAMOS
(means we are) Tú ESTÁS (means you are) X él/ ella/ Usted ESTÁ (means he is, she is, you formal are) ellos / ellas/ ustedes ESTÁN (means they are [masc], they are [fem], all of you are

43 ESTAR Based on the chart: How would you say, “I am fine, thanks.”
How would you say, “We are fine.” How would you say, “Are you okay?” How would you say, “You are doing so-so.”

44 AGUAS! (careful) What if your subject does not specifically say yo, tú, él, ella, usted, nosotros, or ellos, ellas, ustedes?!?!?!?! you must consider what the subject is. For example, if you want to say Juan is here, you must think of Juan as being “He,” and use the “he” form, because it is third person singular.

45 AGUAS! (Careful) So you would say “Juan está aquí.”
Same thing with SER: “Juan es de México,” because “es” is the third person singular form of SER.

46 AGUAS! (Careful) What does “we” mean? It means “he and I” or “you and I” or “they and I.” So if you ever see something like “Ellos y yo” or “Tú y yo” or “Carla y yo”, what form should you use? The “We” form!

47 AGUAS! (Careful) So “You and I are here” would be Tú y yo estamos aquí.” Same thing with SER: “You and I are from Richboro” would be “Tú y yo somos de Richboro,” because “somos” is the “we” form of SER.

48 So then….. What form would you use for the subject “Gabriella?”

49 él/ ella/ Usted! Gabriella ______(ser) bonita.

50 Gabriella es bonita.

51 What about ……. Tú y yo __________(Estar) enfermos.

52 It means “you and I” which equals “we” which makes us go to…
ESTAMOS! Tú y yo estamos enfermos.

53 Practiquemos!

54 yo nosotros tú X él/ ella/ Usted ellos / ellas/ ustedes

55 ESTAR Él ______ Las chicas _______ Nosotros _________
Mi madre ___________ Mis amigos ____________ Yo ___________ Tú _________ Usted ___________ Ustedes ____________

56 He is ____________ They are (fem) _______________ All of you/you guys are ____________ She is _______________ We are ____________ Ana and I are _____________ Mariana and Kike are ______________ I am _______________ Are you? ________________ You formal are ___________________

57 USE SER: which form? My friend His sister Our friends My friends and I Her friends Her cousin My cousins

58 USE ESTAR: which form? My friend His sister Our friends My friends and I Her friends Her cousin My cousins

59 Use SER and ESTAR! I Your friends His dad My parents Our dog The cats Our desks The pencils

60 Use SER Mis amigos Los chicos La chica La maestra Mi amigo y yo Tú y tus amigos

61 Use ESTAR Mis amigos Los chicos La chica La maestra Mi amigo y yo Tú y tus amigos

62 En los paquetes: SER Ellos _______ Yo _______ Usted ________
Nosotros _________ Ustedes __________ Ella __________ Los chicos ______________

63 Paquetes: Estar Nosotros _________ Ustedes __________ Ella __________
Los chicos ______________ La chica ___________________ Ella _______ Ellos _______ Yo _______ Usted ________ Tú ________

64 SER He is ___________________ They (female) are _______________
We are _________________________ I am ________________________ You (formal) are ____________________ The girl is _____________________ You (informal/friendly) are ________ All of you are _______________ The boy is ____________________ The girls are _________________

65 Estar: All of you are ___________________
The boy is __________________ The girls are ___________________ He is ______________________ They (female) are ________________ We are _________________________ I am ________________________ You (formal) are ____________________ The boy is _____________________ You (informal/friendly) are _____________