Ser and Estar So far we have learned two ways to express the concept of “to be”: ser estar Ser is used to express the idea of permanence, such as inherent.

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Transcripción de la presentación:

Ser and Estar So far we have learned two ways to express the concept of “to be”: ser estar Ser is used to express the idea of permanence, such as inherent or unchanging qualities and characteristics. Estar is used to express temporality, including qualities or conditions that change with time.

Ser Let’s start with ser, the first verb we learned. This verb is used to talk about essential things (essential ≈ es). T.O.P.I.C. Think of the acronym T.O.P.I.C.

Time, date, or season When we talk about time, date, or season in Spanish, we always use ser: ¿Qué hora es? Son las 3:30. Hoy es lunes. Es verano.

Origin and nationality T.O.P.I.C. The second letter of T.O.P.I.C. stands for “origin.” We use ser to talk about where people are from or their nationality: Soy de Chicago. Marta es venezolana.

Profession/occupation We can also use ser to talk about people’s jobs: Mi hermano es ingeniero. Ellas son profesoras. Yo soy doctor.

Possession You also use ser to identify possession (i.e., who owns what): Es mi diccionario. Esta no es mi calculadora.

Identification T.O.P.I.C. The fourth letter of T.O.P.I.C. refers to “identification.” This can be used to name people: Ella es mi prima. places: Springfield es la capital de Illinois. things: ¿Qué tipo de animal es? Es un león. and events (“takes place”) La fiesta es en la casa de Alicia.

Characteristics of people, animals and things T.O.P.I.C. The fifth and final letter of T.O.P.I.C. stands for permanent “characteristics”: El estudiante es inteligente y fuerte. El perro es blanco y café. Chicago es una ciudad grande.

T.O.P.I.C. To review, the main uses of ser include: Time Origin Professions and Possesions Identification Characteristics There are other uses, like material of composition and generalizations, but this acronym covers the most important cases!

Generalizations Todas las relaciones personales son complejas.

Material of composition. El suéter es de lana. EL escritorio es de madera.

Estar Now we can look at estar. This verb is used to talk about states (estar ≈ state). P.L.A.C.E. Think of the acronym P.L.A.C.E.

Position P.L.A.C.E. The first letter of the acronym P.L.A.C.E. stands for “position.” We use estar when we talk about where something is located, whether it is there temporarily… David está en el desierto. Juana no está en clase hoy. Mi abuelo está en casa.

Location P.L.A.C.E. … or permanently located there (the second letter of P.L.A.C.E.): Chicago está en Illinois. La iglesia está en la Avenida Foster. Madrid está en España.

Action P.L.A.C.E. The third letter of P.L.A.C.E. stands for “action.” We use estar when we are talking about actions that are occurring at the moment of speaking (sometimes referred to as the “present continuous” or “present progressive”): Laura está esquiando. Humbero está leyendo la Biblia. Estamos mirando una película.

Condition and physical states P.L.A.C.E. The fourth letter of P.L.A.C.E. stands for “condition.” We use estar to talk about temporary states (for example, health): Enrique está enfermo. Mis padres están cansados. ¿Cómo estás?

Emotional states P.L.A.C.E. The last letter of P.L.A.C.E. stands for “emotion.” We use estar to talk about feelings and emotions. Alicia está enfadada. Lorenzo y María están contentos. Estoy nervioso porque tengo un examen de literatura.

P.L.A.C.E. To review, the main uses of estar include: Position Location Action Condition Emotion There are other uses, like results of actions or certain weather expressions, but this acronym covers the most important cases!

Certain weather expressions ¿Está nublado en Miami? ¿Está lloviendo en Argentina?

Results of actions (past participles) El centro comercial está cerrado. La escuela está abierta.

Let’s practice! Choose the correct form according to the context. ¿Cómo es/está tu hermano? Es/Está enfermo. Hoy es/está en el hospital para una prueba de sangre (blood test).

¿Ser o estar? ¿Cómo está tu hermano? Está enfermo. Hoy está en el hospital para una prueba de sangre (blood test). Why? Condition/condition/location

Otro, por favor… ¿De quién (whose) es/está el disco compacto? ¿Cuál? (which one) El disco compacto que es/está en el escritorio. Es/Está negro. Creo que es/está de Julio.

¡Muy bien! ¿De quién es el disco compacto? ¿Cuál? El disco compacto que está en el escritorio. Es negro. Creo que es de Julio. Why? identification/position/ characteristic/identification

Here’s another! ¿Dónde es/está Ana? Es/está en el parque. Es/Está con Nuria. ¿Qué son/están haciendo allí? Son/están jugando al tenis.

Last one! ¿Dónde está Ana? Está en el parque. Está con Nuria. ¿Qué están haciendo allí? Están jugando al tenis. Why? Location/location/location/ action/action

Eso es todo! That’s enough for now about ser and estar. Be vigilant of these two verbs; try to guess which letter of the two acronyms is most applicable in every case.

¡Gracias! Thanks to Lisa Jones (FLTEACH listserve member) for the acronyms!