12. 2 Formal Commands ANTE TODO

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In Spanish, the command forms are used to give orders or advice

In Spanish, the command forms are used to give orders or advice

Mandatos formales.

Transcripción de la presentación:

12. 2 Formal Commands ANTE TODO As you learned in Lección 11, the command forms are used to give orders or advice. Formal commands are used with people you address as usted or ustedes. Most Spanish speakers use ustedes commands for the plural command, whether they are being formal or not.

Hable con ellos, don Francisco. (hablar) Observe the following examples, then study the chart on the next slide. Hable con ellos, don Francisco. (hablar) Talk with them, Don Francisco. Laven los platos ahora mismo. (lavar) Wash the dishes right now. Coma frutas y verduras. (comer) Eat fruits and vegetables. Beban menos té y café. (beber) Drink less tea and coffee.

limpiar limpio limpie limpien barrer barro barra barran Infinitive Present tense yo form Ud. command Uds. command limpiar limpio limpie limpien barrer barro barra barran sacudir sacudo sacuda sacudan decir (e:i) digo diga digan pensar (e:ie) pienso piense piensen volver (o:ue) vuelvo vuelva vuelvan servir (e:i) sirvo sirva sirvan

The Ud. and Uds. commands, like the negative tú commands, are formed by dropping the final –o of the yo form of the present tense. For –ar verbs, add –e or –en. For –er and –ir verbs, add –a or –an.

¡Salga inmediatamente! Hagan la cama antes de salir. Verbs with irregular yo forms maintain the same irregularity in their formal commands. These verbs include conducir, conocer, decir, hacer, ofrecer, oír, poner, salir, tener, traducir, traer, venir, and ver. Oiga, don Francisco… Listen, Don Francisco… Ponga la mesa, por favor. Set the table, please. ¡Salga inmediatamente! Leave immediately! Hagan la cama antes de salir. Make the bed before leaving.

Note also that stem-changing verbs maintain their stem-changes in Ud Note also that stem-changing verbs maintain their stem-changes in Ud. and Uds. commands. e:ie No pierda la llave. Cierren la puerta. o:ue Vuelva temprano, joven. Duerman bien, chicos. e:i Sirva la sopa, por favor. Repitan las frases.

Verbs ending in -car, -gar, and -zar have a spelling change in the command forms. sacar c  qu saque, saquen jugar g  gu juegue, jueguen almorzar z  c almuerce, almuercen

The following verbs have irregular formal commands. Infinitive Ud. command Uds. command dar dé den estar esté estén ir vaya vayan saber sepa sepan ser sea sean

To make a formal command negative, simply place no before the verb. No ponga las maletas en la cama. Don’t put the suitcases on the bed. No ensucien los sillones. Don’t dirty the armchairs.

In affirmative commands, reflexive, indirect and direct object pronouns are always attached to the end of the verb. Siéntense, por favor. Acuéstense ahora. Sígame, Laura. Pónganlas en el suelo, por favor.

In negative commands, these pronouns always precede the verb. No se preocupe. No los ensucien. No me lo dé. No nos las traigan.

Muéstrele usted la foto a su amigo. Ud. and Uds. can be used with the command forms to strike a more formal tone. In such instances they follow the command form. Muéstrele usted la foto a su amigo. Show the photo to your friend. Tomen ustedes esta alcoba. Take this bedroom.

¡ATENCIÓN! When a pronoun is attached to an affirmative command that has two or more syllables, an accent mark is added to maintain the original stress: limpie  límpielo lean  léanlo diga  dígamelo sacudan  sacúdanlos

¡INTÉNTALO! Indica cuáles son los mandatos afirmativos y negativos correspondientes. Afirmativo Negativo 1. escucharlo (Ud.) _________. _________. Escúchelo. No lo escuche. 2. decírmelo (Uds.) _________. _________. Díganmelo. No me lo digan. 3. salir (Ud.) _________. _________. Salga. No salga. 4. servírnoslo (Uds.) _________. _________. Sírvannoslo. No nos lo sirvan.

Afirmativo Negativo 5. barrerla (Ud.) _________. _________. Bárrala. No la barra. 6. hacerlo (Ud.) _________. _________. Hágalo. No lo haga. 7. ir (Uds.) _________. _________. Vayan. No vayan. 8. sentarse (Uds.) _________. _________. Siéntense. No se sienten.