The Present Subjunctive The Subjunctive ► Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events.

Presentación del tema: "The Present Subjunctive The Subjunctive ► Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events."— Transcripción de la presentación:

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2 The Present Subjunctive

3 The Subjunctive ► Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events ► Aprendo francés para mi viaje. Spanish has another way of using verbs called the subjunctive mood ► We use it to say what one person does or doesn’t want, tell, suggest, or recommend someone else to do. ► A sentence that includes the subjunctive form has two parts connected by the word que. For example:

4 The Subjunctive ► Quiero que tú respires lentamente.  I want you to breathe slowly. ► Sugiero que bebas agua antes de correr.  I suggest that you drink water before running. You can also suggest more general or impersonal ideas using expressions such as es necesario…es bueno…and es importante…, followed by que and a form of the present subjunctive. ► Es necesario que hagas ejercicio.  It’s necessary that you do exercise. ► Es importante que los jóvenes coman bien.  It’s important that the young people eat well.

5 Verbos regulares ► We form the present subjunctive of most verbs the same way we form negative tú commands. ► We drop the -o of the present-tense indicative yo form and add the subjunctive endings. For -ar verbs: e, es, e, emos, éis, en SALTAR Salte Saltemos Saltes Saltéis Salte Salten For -er/-ir verbs: a, as, a, amos, áis, an a, as, a, amos, áis, anCONOCER Conozca Conozcamos Conozcas Conozcáis Conozca Conozcan

6 ThSpell changing verbs ► The present subjunctive has the same spelling changes and irregular yo form changes used with the negative tú commands and Ud./Uds. commands. ► As in negative commands, irregular verbs that add a “g” to the stem in the present-tense yo form also have a “g” in the present subjunctive. ► Caerse me caigo me caiga ► Decir digo diga ► Hacer hago haga ► Poner pongo ponga ► Salir salgo salga ► Tener tengo tenga ► Traer traigo traiga

7 -car, -gar & -zar verbs ► Also verbs ending in –car, -gar, and –zar have a spell change in order to maintain the original sound.  Buscar busco busque  Pagar pago pague  Cruzar cruzo cruce

8 Verbos irregulares ► Memorize this acronym: ► DISHES ► DDar (dé, des, dé, demos, deis, den) ► IIr (vaya, vayas, vaya, vayamos, vayáis, vayan) ► SSer (sea, seas, sea, seamos, seáis, sean) ► HHaber (haya, hayas, haya, hayamos, hayáis, hayan) ► EEstar (esté, estés, esté, estemos, estéis, estén) ► SSaber (sepa, sepas, sepa, sepamos, sepáis, sepan)

9 Verbos con cambio de raíz ► You know that stem-changing verbs in the present indicative have a stem- change in all forms except nosotros and vosotros. ► Stem-changing verbs ending in -ar and -er have the same stem changes in the subjunctive as in the indicative. AR JUGAR (u > ue) Juegue Juguemos Juegues Juguéis Juegue Jueguen ER PENSAR (e > ie) Piense Pensemos Pienses Penséis Piense Piensen

10 Stem changing verbs ► Other verbs you know that follow these patterns are:  o...ue: contar, poder, volver, costar, probar(se), llover, doler  e…ie: querer, sentarse, calentar, despertar(se), empezar, entender

11 Stem-changing verbs ending in -ir have changes in all forms of the present subjunctive. PEDIR (e > i) Pida Pidamos Pidas Pidás Pida Pidan DIVERTIRSE (e > ie), (e > I) Me divierta Nos divirtamos Te divertas Os divirtáis Se divierta Se diviertan DORMIR (o > ue), (o > u) Duerma Durmamos Duermas Durmáis Duerma Duerman

12 Other verbs you know that follow these patterns are: ► o...ue: morir ► e…ie: sentirse, preferir ► e…i: reír, repetir, servir, vestir(se), seguir, conseguir  Es necesario que pidas la llave.  Queremos que se diviertan.  Es bueno que duermas durante el vuelo.