Comparaciones Igualdad = y desigualdad ≠ Tres casos Look at these three sentences: ◦Fred is as tall as John. ◦Fred is taller than Bob. ◦Fred is the tallest.

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Transcripción de la presentación:

Comparaciones Igualdad = y desigualdad ≠

Tres casos Look at these three sentences: ◦Fred is as tall as John. ◦Fred is taller than Bob. ◦Fred is the tallest in class. The first sentence describes a state of equality between two people. The second and third sentences describe the differences between one person and another (or others).

Igualdad = Fred is as tall as Frank. When we say that two people (or places, or objects, etc.) are the same, we use as… as in English. How do we do this in Spanish?

Igualdad = Paco es tan alto como Luis. Marta es tan alta como Ana. In Spanish, we use the words tan… como to express equality. In between these words, we insert an adjective or an adverb. Note that the adjective changes to agree with the first person (Paco/alto, Marta/alta) that we talk about.

Practiquemos Paco es rico. José es rico también (also). Paco es ___ ____ ___ José.

¡Muy bien! Paco es tan rico como José. Beti es guapa. Juana es guapa también. Beti es ___ ____ ____ Juana.

Otro más Beti es tan guapa como Juana. Roberto es gordo. Tomás es gordo. Diego es gordo. Roberto y Tomás son ___ ___ ___ Diego.

¡Muy bien! Roberto y Tomás son tan gordos como Diego. (We are comparing one group of two people with one person.) Did you remember to make gordos plural to agree with the plural subject (Roberto y Tomás)?

Desigualdad ≠ How about this idea? ◦I’m not as tall as my brother. Yo no soy tan alto como mi hermano. Pretty easy, huh?

Otras expresiones de igualdad We can also describe equality in terms of what people have, e.g., “I don’t have as many classes as my roommate” or “I don’t have as much free time as my roommate.” We use as many… as and as much… as in these cases.

¿Por qué? Both sentences have a noun between as… as: ◦“I don’t have as many classes as my roommate” ◦“I don’t have as much free time as my roommate.” How do we do this in Spanish? ◦No tengo tantas clases como mi compañero de cuarto. ◦No tengo tanto tiempo libre como mi compañero de cuarto.

¿Qué? We use a form of the word tanto (tanto, tanta, tantos, tantas) that agrees with the noun. ◦No tengo tantas clases como mi compañero de cuarto. ◦“Las clases” > tantas ◦No tengo tanto tiempo libre como mi compañero de cuarto. ◦“El tiempo” > tanto

Practiquemos Y o tengo 3 amigas. Mi hermano tiene 3 amigas. Y o tengo _____ ____ ____ mi hermano. Y o tengo tantas amigas como mi hermano.

Practiquemos Practiquemos Orlando trabaja 10 horas cada día. Gabriela trabaja 10 horas también. Orlando trabaja ____ ____ ____ Gabriela. Orlando trabaja tantas horas como Gabriela.

Un poco más, por favor. Orlando tiene mucho trabajo. Gabriela también tiene mucho trabajo. Gabriela tiene ____ ____ ____ Orlando. Gabriela tiene tanto trabajo como Orlando.

Wait! There’s more! There are two ways that we can talk about inequality: ◦John isn’t as tall as Frank. ◦Frank is taller than John. (or John is shorter than Frank.) The second way is to use the comparative form of the adjective: taller, shorter, bigger, more handsome, more intelligent… ◦In English, sometimes we put an –er on the end of the word. ◦Sometimes we use “more.”

¿Y en español? Frank is taller than John. Paco es más alto que Juan. We use the expression más… que to compare two people, places, things, etc. Note that the adjective alto agrees with the subject (Paco).

Practiquemos Create a sentence using the word cues. Example: ◦Ernesto > Samuel (bajo) ◦Ernesto es más bajo que Samuel. Juana > Paquita (delgado)

¡Bien! Juana es más delgada que Paquita. Did you remember to change the form of the adjective (delgado) to agree with the subject (Juana)? Here’s another: Carlos > Verónica (rico)

¡Correcto! Carlos es más rico que Verónica. The adjective agrees with the first person you talked about (Carlos). One more, please: Chicago > Miami (grande)

¡Qué fácil! Chicago es más grande que Miami. Note these four irregular comparative forms: ◦bueno/bien > mejor ◦malo/mal > peor ◦joven > menor ◦anciano > mayor

¿Qué más? So far, we’ve compared one person or place with another. What if we want to compare one person with a lot of others? ◦In English, we say “Frank is the tallest in his family.” ◦Frank is being compared to at least two other family members. This is called the superlative form.

¿Y en español? Take a look at some examples in Spanish. Any guesses as to how this works? ◦Paco es el más alto de la familia. ◦Julia es la más baja de la familia. ◦Mis padres son los más inteligentes de la familia. ◦Mis hermanas son las más bonitas de la familia.

¡Correcto! Use the expressions ◦el más… de (Paco > el) ◦la más… de (Julia > la) ◦los más… de (padres > los) ◦las más… de (hermanas > las) The article agrees with the person/place/object described.

Practiquemos Un Ford cuesta $15,000. Un Buick cuesta $20,000. Un Lexus cuesta $25,000; es muy caro (expensive). El Lexus es ___ ____ ____ ____ todos los autos. El Lexus es el más caro de todos los autos. (or “El Lexus es el auto más caro de todos.”)

Un poco más, por favor. Humberto es inteligente, David es muy inteligente, y Victoria es muy, muy inteligente. Victoria es ___ ___ ___ ____ todos. Victoria es la más inteligente de todos.

Más, por favor. Teresa y Soraya son unas amigas muy simpáticas. Ellas son ___ ___ ___ ___ todas mis amigas. Ellas son las más simpáticas de todas mis amigas.

Uno para llevar. Pedro es buen alumno. Pablo es muy bueno. Eduardo es muy, muy buen almuno. Eduardo es ___ ___ ___ los tres. Eduardo es el mejor de los tres (or Eduardo es el mejor alumno de los tres). The irregulars “mejor, peor, mayor, menor” can also be used in the superlative form.

¡Ya, está bien! That’s all folks!