Sesión 2 Las habilidades y competencias profesionales del Siglo XXI.

21st-Century Skills "We are living in a new economy powered by technology, fueled by information, and driven by knowledge. The influence of technology will go beyond new equipment and faster communications, as work and skills will be redefined and reorganized.“ Department of Labor (1999). Trends and Challenges for Work in the 21st Century. U.S.A., Department of Labor "When you plug something into a wall, someone is getting plugged into you. Which means you need new patterns of defense, perception, understanding, evaluation. You need a new kind of education“. Postman, N. (1969). Teaching as a Subversive Activity.

21st-Century Skills “To prepare students to thrive in a digital economy they will need Digital-Age proficiencies. It is important for the educational system to make parallel changes in order to fulfill its mission in society. The educational system needs to understand and embrace the following 21st-century skills within the context of rigorous academic standards”. Digital-Age Literacy—Today's Basics Basic, Scientific, and Technological Literacies Basic Literacy Language proficiency (reading, writing, listening, and speaking) using conventional and technology-based media (Education Development Center, 2001) Scientific Literacy Knowledge of science, scientific thinking, mathematics, and the relationships between science, mathematics, and technology. Technological Literacy Competence in the use of computers, networks, and applications

21st-Century Skills Visual and Information Literacies Visual Literacy The ability to decipher, interpret, and express ideas using images, graphics, icons, charts, graphs, and video. Information Literacy The competence to find, evaluate, and make use of information appropriately. Cultural Literacy and Global Awareness Cultural Literacy A recognition and appreciation of the diversity of peoples and cultures. Global Awareness The understanding and recognition of the interrelationships among nation states, multinational corporations, and peoples across the globe.

21st-Century Skills "To be prepared for a future characterized by change, students must learn to think rationally and creatively, solve problems, manage and retrieve information, and communicate effectively. By mastering information problem-solving skills, students will be ready for an information-based society and a technological workplace.“ American Association of School Librarians (2000). Information Literacy: A Position Paper. USA. American Association of School Librarians Adaptability/Ability to Manage Complexity Curiosity, Creativity, and Risk-taking Curiosity Employing the "desire to know" as fuel for lifelong learning Creativity Using the imagination to develop new and original things Risk Taking The willingness to place something valued in a position or situation where it could be exposed to damage or loss Citlalic Peralta Octavio slas

21st-Century Skills Higher-Order Thinking and Sound Reasoning Higher-Order Thinking The process of creative problem solving that leads to sound, informed, thoughtful opinions, judgments, and conclusions. Citlalic Peralta Octavio slas

21st-Century Skills Sound Reasoning The capacity to think logically in order to find results or draw conclusions. Effective Communication—Social and Personal Skills Teaming, Collaboration, and Interpersonal Skills Teaming: The ability to cooperate as a member of a highly successful group Collaboration and Interpersonal Skills: The ability to interact smoothly with others and to work together with one or more people to achieve a goal Personal and Social Responsibility Personal Responsibility: Individual accountability for ethical, legal actions related to the use of technology and technology-related products Social Responsibility: Individual and collective responsibility for managing the use of technology for the public good. Citlalic Peralta Octavio slas

21st-Century Skills “The medium, or process, of our time -- electric technology -- is reshaping and restructuring patterns of social interdependence and every aspect of our personal life. It is forcing us to reconsider and reevaluate practically every thought, every action, and every institution formerly taken for granted. Everything is changing --you, your family, your education, your neighborhood, your job, your government, your relation to the others. And they are changing dramatically”. [Marshall McLuhan. Citado por Daniel Burnstein y David Kline (1995). Road Warriors. New York. Dutton, p.9]. Citlalic Peralta Octavio slas

El pensamiento de Marshall McLuhan destaca las dramáticas transformaciones sociales y culturales que desplazó consigo el tránsito de la era impresa a la era eléctrica (principalmente por el impacto de la televisión). La dialéctica de la innovación tecnológica es constante en la historia. McLuhan explica el cambio cultural a partir de la comunicación [modos de comunicación: edad oral, escrita –Galaxia Gutenberg-, edad eléctrica-]. Actualmente somos testigos de la decadencia de los medios analógicos convencionales de la Segunda Ola [Alvin Toffler]. Citlalic Peralta Octavio slas

Las tecnologías siempre reconfigurarán los ambientes culturales. –Ej. Rueda- Camino… Internet- Comercio Electrónico. Internet cambió el rol de las audiencias impulsando su participación en los procesos de comunicación. En este escenario, el público transita de la pasividad, propiciada por los medios convencionales de comunicación (Noam Chomsky) a la actividad. Internet es el medio de comunicación inteligente (Islas, Gutiérrez). Citlalic Peralta Octavio slas

Hacia una definición de Tecnología Las tecnologías involucran el desarrollo sistemático de técnicas mediante las cuales el hombre busca cambiar o manipular su entorno”. Es posible pensar a la tecnologías como extensiones del hombre (McLuhan). Las tecnologías exitosas deben cumplir tres condiciones: –La satisfacción de necesidades sociales –La ampliación de los recursos existentes (materiales, habilidades...) –La disposición social (aceptación) Citlalic Peralta Octavio slas

Entropía y Redundancia La entropía disminuye la integridad del proceso de comunicación como consecuencia de distorsiones en alguno de sus elementos. La redundancia, o repetición de elementos dentro de un mensaje que asegura la integridad del proceso comunicativo, es el mejor antídoto contra la entropía. Retroalimentación  Entropía y Redundancia Citlalic Peralta Octavio slas

Referencias: Islas, O., Gutiérrez, F., et al (2000). Internet. El medio Inteligente. México: CECSA. McLuhan, M. (1996). Comprender los medios de comunicación. Las extensiones del hombre. España: Paidós Comunicación. Citlalic Peralta Octavio slas

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