The Spanish Subjunctive: Review Quiero que Ud. pase por el Control de Agricultura.

Pregunta: What is the difference between the indicative and the subjunctive?

The Spanish Subjunctive The indicative is used to express real, definite, or factual actions or states of being. The subjunctive is used to express the hypothetical or subjective, such as a speaker’s attitudes, wishes, feelings, emotions, or doubts.

Pregunta: Can you have a sentence with verbs in both the indicative and the subjunctive forms?

Yo quiero que Juan vaya a la fiesta. main clausesubordinate clause S1V1S2V2 YES! The verb in the subordinate clause is in the subjunctive form. Normally, the main clause has a different subject and verb than the subordinate clause. The verb in the main clause is in the indicative form. indicative subjunctive

Pregunta: What are some words in Spanish that could connect the two clauses?

Connectors: The main clause and the subordinate clause are generally connected by the relator que or an adverb such as cuando, donde, etc.

Pregunta: What if the 2 subjects are the same?

If there is no change in subject, we don’t need to use the subjunctive at all. We use the infinitive for the second verb. Sofía (desear) + Sofía (ir)  Sofía desea ir a pescar. Sofía wants to go fishing.

Pregunta: What are the three steps for forming subjunctive conjugations?

duermohablo como Step 1: Start with the yo form of the verb in the present tense (notice if it’s irregular because that will carry through all the forms): The forms of the subjunctive Step 2: Take off the final o of the yo form: duermhablcom Step 3: Add the “opposite” endings: What are the opposite endings?

The forms of the subjunctive Step 3: Add the “opposite” endings: For -ar verbs: Add -er verb endings. habl e es e emos en What do you notice about the “yo” form?

The forms of the subjunctive Step 3: Add the “opposite” endings: For -er and -ir verbs: Add -ar verb endings to both. com a as a amos an Notice that the “yo” form is identical to the third-person singular form.

Pregunta: What are the rules about verbs that end in –car, -gar, and -zar?

-car c  qu The following spelling changes occur in all forms of the present subjunctive with verbs whose infinitives end in -car, -gar, and -zar. -gar g  gu-zar z  c buscar Ex: que yo busque llegar Ex: que yo llegue empezar Ex: que yo empiece

Pregunta: What are the rules about stem- changing –ar and –er verbs?

recordar (o  ue) recuerde recuerdes recuerde recordemos recuerden perder (e  ie) pierda pierdas pierda perdamos pierdan Remember, however, that stem changes do not apply to nosotros forms. The forms of the subjunctive Stem-changing -ar and -er verbs have the same stem changes as in the present indicative.

Pregunta: What is the rule about stem- changing –ir verbs?

preferir (e  ie) prefiera prefieras prefiera prefiramos prefieran servir (e  i) sirva sirvas sirva sirvamos sirvan However, the nosotros forms ALSO have a stem-change. But it only changes 1 letter. So for e  ie stem-changing verbs, nosotros would change e  i. For e  i verbs, the nosotros form would also change e  i. The forms of the subjunctive Stem-changing -ir verbs also have the same stem changes as in the present indicative.

Pregunta: Which verbs are completely irregular in the subjunctive mood?

Dar  Ir  Ser  Haber  Estar  Saber  dé, des, dé, demos, den vaya, vayas, vaya, vayamos, vayan sea, seas, sea, seamos, sean haya, hayas, haya, hayamos, hayan esté, estés, esté, estemos, estén sepa, sepas, sepa, sepamos, sepan There are only six truly irregular verbs, that is, verbs to which we cannot apply our three-step process. The forms of the subjunctive When listed in the following order, the initial letters of each verb form the acronym DISHES, a useful memory device.

Pregunta: What are the three main triggers of the subjunctive forms?

1.Cause or prevention. 3.Falseness or unreality. 2.Personal bias or emotion. The usage of the subjunctive The verb or expression in the main clause determines whether to use the subjunctive or the indicative in the subordinate clause. Three simple principles can be applied in almost every case. If the main clause expresses the subjunctive is used in the subordinate clause.

Cause quererinsistirrecomendarmandar pedirpermitiraconsejarobligar necesitarsugerir ser importante, imprescindible, permisible, necesario, innecesario, preferible, mejor, urgente Prevention impedirprohibirno permitir The usage of the subjunctive Following are some common verbs and expressions that might be used to cause or prevent. = use subjunctive in the subordinate clause

gustaralegrarse (de)apenar asombrarsorprenderentristecer temeresperarsentir ser tristeser una lástimaser maravilloso ser bueno, terrible, horroroso, fantástico, etc. estar alegre, contento, triste, etc. ojalá The usage of the subjunctive Following are some common verbs and expressions that express personal bias or emotion. Use subjunctive in the subordinate clause:

Truth creerestar segurojurar afirmarconfirmarasegurar ser ciertoser indudableser evidente ser obvioser verdadser (estar) claro Falseness / Doubt no creernegarno estar seguro dudarno poder creer ser (im)posibleser (im)probable no ser verdadno ser cierto The usage of the subjunctive Following are some common verbs and expressions that express truth or falseness/doubt. = indicative in the subordinate clause =subjunctive in the subordinate clause

¿Qué es necesario que hagan? n Read the conversation between Fernando Botero, the artist, and his agent. Underline the subjunctive verbs and identify the infinitive. n Then, make a list of everything Botero and his agent desire for the exhibition.

P : 9-26, 9-27 n Read the conversation between Fernando Botero, the artist, and his agent. Underline the subjunctive verbs and identify the infinitive. n Then, make a list of everything Botero and his agent desire for the exhibition.

9-26: Respuestas Verbs: haya (haber) establezca (establecer) traigan (traer) pongan (poner) tomen (tomar) esté (estar) tengan (tener) hable (hablar) dé (dar)

9-27: Respuestas Botero desea: n 1. un salón especial n 2. sillones cómodos n 3. flores n 4. refrescos n 5. un contrato especial El agente desea: n 1. una guardia de seguridad n 2. una persona experta en la obra de Botero

Recomendaciones n Tu amigo Marcos va a viajar a Venezuela por la primera vez (the first time). n ¿Qué recomiendas que Marcos haga antes de su viaje? Haz una lista de 5-10 recomendaciones. Modelo: n Yo le recomiendo que…(+ verbs in subjunctive) n Yo le recomiendo que compre un guía.

Recomendaciones Modelo: n Yo le recomiendo que…(+ verbs in subjunctive) n Yo le recomiendo a Marcos que ….

Pregunta: When we notice that the subjunctive is required, do we need to put ALL the verbs in the sentence in subjunctive?

NO! When we notice that the subjunctive is required, the verb in the main clause stays in the indicative form, but we conjugate the verb in the subordinate clause in subjunctive.

¿Qué es necesario que hagan? n The new president of the university is looking for input from students about how she can better address their needs and concerns. n Use the expressions below, and the correct subjunctive forms of the verbs, to share your ideas. Modelo: n Ser necesario que / los semestres / ser más cortos. Es necesario que los semestres sean más cortos.

¿Qué es necesario que hagan? 1. ser importante que / los cocineros / mejorar la comida en la cafetería 2. ser preferible que / la universidad / tener un gimnasio más grande 3. ser necesario que / la universidad / abrir más estacionamientos (parking spaces) para los estudiantes 4. ser importante que / usted / dar fiestas para los estudiantes

¿Qué es necesario que hagan? 1. Es importante que los cocineros mejoren la comida en la cafetería. 2. Es preferible que la universidad tenga un gimnasio más grande. 3. Es necesario que la universidad abra más estacionamientos (parking spaces) para los estudiantes. 4. Es importante que usted dé fiestas para los estudiantes.

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