Los mandatos formales Español 2 Commands in English… … are pretty easy. You just use a base verb form (without a subject, since it’s always “you”) to.

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Transcripción de la presentación:

Los mandatos formales Español 2

Commands in English… … are pretty easy. You just use a base verb form (without a subject, since it’s always “you”) to tell people what they should do: –Stand up! –Sit down! –Do your homework! –Take out the garbage! –Be quiet!

Commands in English… … and what they shouldn’t do: –Don’t write in your books! –Don’t speak English in Spanish class! –Don’t be silly!

Commands in Spanish… … are little more complicated because we have so many ways of saying “you”: –Tú: informal, singular –Vosotros: informal, plural –Ud.: formal, singular –Uds.: formal, plural However, we will concentrate on the formal commands only.

Let’s look at a few examples! Hable despacio, por favor. ¡Repita, por favor.! Siéntese Ud. aquí. Entreguen Uds. la tarea. Hagan el ejercicio B. No hagan el ejercicio A. ¡No se levante Ud.! ¡No corran en la clase!

Regular Formal commands (affirmative AND negative) 1.Start with the form of the verb 2.Drop the 3. Then put on the yo (Ud./Uds./Nosotros) O. opposite personal ending.

Formal Commands (+/-) -ar verbs-er/-ir verbs Ud. Nosotros Uds. E A EMOS EN AMOS AN habl corr

Let’s try a couple! Comer: ¡______ Ud.! ¡Coma Ud.! Escribir: ¡_____ Ud.! ¡Escriba Ud.! Tomar: ¡_____ Ud.! ¡Tome Ud.! Entregar: ¡_____ la tarea! –¡Entregue la tarea! –Note the spelling change because of the final –g sound.

Uds… Entreguen Uds. la tarea. Right! Just add an –N to the command form when you are talking to more than one person.

Let’s try a couple more! Comer: ¡______ Uds.! ¡Coman Uds.! Escribir: ¡_____ Uds.! ¡Escriban Uds.! Tomar: ¡_____ Uds.! ¡Tomen Uds.! Comenzar: ¡_____ el examen! –¡Comiencen el examen! –Note the spelling change because of the final –z.

-car, -gar, -zar verbs Verbs that end in –car will have a spelling change in which the changes to Verbs that end in –gar will have a spelling change in which the changes to Verbs that end in –zar will have a spelling change in which the changes to CQU GGU ZC

Práctica ¡Salgan! ¡Apague! ¡Empiecen! ¡Cantemos! ¡Comamos! ¡No escriban! ¡No ponga! ¡No hablemos! ¡No jueguen!

“IR” Stem-changers (O-U Verbs) DORMIRMORIR Ud. (no) duerma Ud (no) muera Uds. (no) duerman Uds (no) mueran Nosotros (no) durmamos Nosotros (no) muramos

Some irregulars What would a lesson be without a few irregulars to make it interesting?? Can you guess where these forms come from? –Haga la tarea. –Tenga paciencia. –Salga ahora. –Vuelva a casa. –Piense bien. –¡Sé bueno! –¡Esté tranquila!

¿Qué pasa? Haga la tarea. –Hacer > yo hago > -o + -a Tenga paciencia. –Tener > yo tengo > -o + -a Salga ahora. –Salir > yo salgo > - o + -a Vuelva a casa. –Volver > yo vuelvo > -o + -a Piense bien. –Pensar > yo pienso > -o + -e These verbs follow the same formula: start with the yo form, drop the –o, and add the opposite vowel.

Sé, esté, dé, sepa, vaya These five verbs are very irregular for a good reason: –Ser > yo soy –Estar > yo estoy –Dar > yo doy –Saber > yo sé –Ir > yo voy The yo form does not end in an –o, so there is no –o to drop when forming the command form.

Reflexive Verbs & Commands with DIRECT OBJECTS PRONOUNS With the affirmative command all we do is ____________ the object pronoun to the affirmative command. (Notice we added an accent mark to keep the stress in the original place. ATTACH

A PRACTICAR lavarse (Ud.) _________________ secarse (Uds.)_______________ Lávese- Wash yourself! Sécense- Dry yourselves!

Negative Reflexive Commands The difference with the negative commands is that the object pronoun will be placed _______________ the verb. BEFORE

RECUEDA..USE “Se” because they are formal Ud. & Uds. Commands 21. No lavarse __________________ (Ud.) 22. No secarse ____________________ (Uds.) 23. No comerse ____________________ (Uds.) ¡No se lave! Don’t wash yourself! ¡No se sequen! Don’t dry yourselves! ¡No se coman! Don’t gobble down yourself!

Reflexive Verbs - Nosotros Regla: When attaching the pronoun to nosotros formal commands, remove the “s” from the “amos”/”emos” LAVARSE Lavémosnos  Lavémonos  No nos lavemos

A practicar – Affirmative Nosotros Quitémonos los zapatos Pongámonos las sandalias Despertémonos temprano Quitarse los zapatos Ponerse las sandalias Despertarse temprano

Nosotros Commands - No nos acostemos tarde! No nos pongamos un suetér! No nos bañemos! No acostarse tarde! No ponerse un suetér! No bañarse!

¡Terminemos por ahora! That’s all for now, but learn this concept well – the command form will be very important when we learn about our last verb form this semester – the subjunctive.