Chapter 12 Large Motor and Outdoor Play Through outdoor play children develop their small muscles, eye-hand coordination, balance and coordination, large.

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Transcripción de la presentación:

Chapter 12 Large Motor and Outdoor Play Through outdoor play children develop their small muscles, eye-hand coordination, balance and coordination, large muscles, general health, a sense of freedom, an understanding of nature, creativity, social play skills, multisensory integration and learning, ability to explore and solve problems, and their imaginations. A través de juegos al aire libre los niños desarrollan sus músculos pequeños, coordinación óculo-manual, equilibrio y coordinación, grandes músculos, salud general, una sensación de libertad, una comprensión de la naturaleza, la creatividad, social jugar habilidades, integración multi-sensorial y aprendizaje, la capacidad de explorar y resolver problemas y su imaginación. ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Physical Fitness  Michelle Obama’s Let’s Move Campaign tells us  Physical activity is an essential component of a healthy lifestyle  La actividad física es un componente esencial de un estilo de vida saludable  In combination with healthy eating, physical activity can help prevent a range of chronic diseases, including heart disease, cancer, and stroke, which are the three leading causes of death ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Physical Fitness  En combinación con una alimentación sana, la actividad física puede ayudar a prevenir una variedad de enfermedades crónicas, incluyendo enfermedades cardíacas, cáncer y derrame cerebral, que son las tres principales causas de muerte ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Physical Fitness (continued)  Michelle Obama’s Let’s Move Campaign tells us  Physical activity helps control weight, builds lean muscle, reduces fat, promotes strong bone, muscle and joint development, and decreases the risk of obesity  La actividad física ayuda a control de peso, construye músculo magro, reduce la grasa, promueve el desarrollo conjunto, el músculo y el hueso fuerte y disminuye el riesgo de obesidad ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Physical Fitness (continued)  Children need 60 minutes of play with moderate to vigorous activity every day to grow up to a healthy weight  Los niños necesitan 60 minutos de juego con moderada a vigorosa actividad todos los días para llegar a un peso saludable ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Motor Development and Physical Fitness  Developing physical skills can be compared to learning to read and write or learning math or science concepts  Desarrollo de habilidades físicas puede compararse a aprender a leer y escribir o aprender conceptos de matemáticas o Ciencias  It has equal importance  Tiene igual importancia  Requires indoor and outdoor activities  Requiere actividades bajo techo y al aire libre ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Motor Development and Physical Fitness  Motor development includes  Large muscle development  Small muscle development  El desarrollo de motora incluye: desarrollo de músculo grande y músculos pequeños ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Did you know?  Large motor activities develop skill and strength in arms, legs, and torso, help release tension, and promote relaxation  Las actividades motoras de grandes desarrollo de habilidad y fuerza en los brazos, piernas y torso, ayudar a liberar la tensión y promover la relajación  Being active for 60 minutes each day has been shown to  Estar activo durante 60 minutos cada día se ha demostrado que  Increase concentration and focus  Aumentar la concentración y enfoque ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Did you know?  Improve classroom attendance and behavior  Mejorar el comportamiento y la asistencia de aula  Boost academic performance  Mejora la actuación académica ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Types of Movement  Locomotor movement  Movement in space (Movimiento en el espacio)  Moving the whole body from one place to another  Mover el cuerpo entero de un lugar a otro  Nonlocomotor movement  Movement in place (Movimiento en un solo lugar)  Feet remain stationary while other parts of the body move  Pies permanecen inmóviles mientras que otras partes del cuerpo se mueven ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Types of Movement (continued)  Manipulative movement  Gross motor movements involving force imparted to or received from objects  Movimientos del motor brutos que implicaban fuerza impartida a o recibida de objetos  Any gross motor skill in which an object is involved  Cualquier habilidad motor gruesa en la que está implicado un objeto  Kinesthetic  The use of the body to learn about physical capabilities, develop body awareness, and gain understanding of the world  El uso del cuerpo para aprender acerca de las capacidades físicas, desarrollar conciencia corporal y comprender el mundo ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Physical Development Goals  Strength: The physical energy available for movement or resistance  Fuerza: La energía física disponible para el movimiento o la resistencia  Stamina/endurance: The capacity for sustained use of strength or physical energy  Resistencia/resistencia: La capacidad de uso de fuerza o energía física sostenida  Flexibility: Ease and range of movement  Flexibilidad: Facilidad y rango de movimiento ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Physical Development Goals  Agility: The ability to move with speed, grace, and precision  Agilidad: La capacidad de moverse con velocidad, precisión y gracia ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Developmental Stages in Infants  Young infants can reach, play with their hands and feet, lift their heads, and put things in their mouths  Lactantes pueden llegar a jugar con sus manos y pies, levantar sus cabezas y poner las cosas en sus bocas  Older babies go from rolling over and sitting, to scooting, bouncing, creeping, pulling themselves up, and standing  Los bebés mayores fuera de voltearse y sentado, correteando, saltando, arrastramiento, tirándose y pie ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Developmental Stages in Infants  One-year-olds can walk steadily and climb stairs  Un año de edad puede caminar constantemente y subir escaleras. ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Developmental Stages in Toddlers  Toddlers test their physical skills by  Jumping from heights  Climbing  Hanging by their arms  Rolling  Rough-and-tumble play  Niños pequeños prueban sus habilidades físicas: saltos desde alturas, escalada, colgando de sus brazos, rodar, por su juego brusco ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Developmental Stages in Preschool  Preschool children like to experiment with their physical skills such as  Kicking  Throwing  Catching  Running  Jumping  Galloping  Hopping on one foot  Skipping ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Developmental Stages in Preschool  Niños en edad pre-escolar gustan experimentar con sus habilidades físicas tales como  patadas  lanzando  Atrapar una pelota  corriendo  saltando  galope  saltando sobre un pie  brincar ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Developmental Stages in Primary Years  During the primary years, children increase the following as they take on the challenges of organized sports  Agility  Strength  Endurance  Durante los años primarios, los niños aumentan las siguientes porque asumen el reto de deportes organizados : agilidad, fuerza, y resistencia ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Did you know?  Children’s mental spatial transformation abilities benefit from active movement  Las capacidades de transformación espacial mental de los niños se benefician de movimiento activo  Allows them to tap into well-established and fine-tuned links between action and cognition primarily used for keeping track of the environment during movement and for tracking objects such as blocks during manipulation of them ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Did you know?  Permite aprovechar bien establecidos y perfeccionados vínculos entre acción y cognición que se utiliza principalmente para hacer el seguimiento del medio ambiente durante el movimiento y para el seguimiento de objetos como bloques durante la manipulación de los ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Large Motor Play Equipment for Indoors  Blocks  Hollow Blocks  Balls  Hoops  Scarves  Streamers  Beanbags  Big boxes  Swim noodles cut in half or in pieces  Tape lines and shapes on the floor  Tents made out of blankets  Obstacle courses made with objects in the classroom ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

An Effective Outdoor Playground  Active play  Sand and water  Gardening  Dramatic play  Shaded area for relaxing and protection from the elements  Exciting entry  Paths to get from place to place  Sufficient storage areas located throughout near the location where materials will be used  Access to toileting, hand washing, and drinking water ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Outdoor Play Equipment  Permanent climbers  Take-apart climbers for older children  Sturdy wooden crates and barrels  Tire swings  Slides  Balance beam  Tricycles, wagons, and other wheeled toys  Plastic hoops  Balls of various sizes  Mounted steering wheel ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Reflect on This  Do you think slides are a safe piece of equipment for an outdoor play space?  ¿Crees que las diapositivas son una pieza segura del equipo para un espacio de juegos al aire libre?  Why?  Porque? ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Nature Deficit  “One U.S. researcher suggests a generation of children is not only being raised indoors, but is being confined to even smaller spaces.... [T]hey spend more and more time in car seats, high chairs, and even baby seats for watching TV. When small children do go outside, they’re often placed in containers— strollers—and pushed by walking or jogging parents.” (Louv, 2008) ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Nature Deficit  "Un investigador de Estados Unidos sugiere una generación de niños no está siendo levantado sólo en el interior, pero está siendo confinado a espacios más pequeños.... [T] Oye pasar más tiempo en asientos de coche, sillas altas e incluso asientos de bebé para ver TV. Cuando los niños pequeños ir afuera, a menudo son colocadas dentro de contenedores — cochecitos — y empujados por caminar o trotar padres. " (Louv, 2008) ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Nature Play  Simple experiences with nature can be powerful opportunities for teaching and learning with young children. Observing and talking about the many sensory aspects of nature—the sounds and smells of wind and rain, changing colors of the seasons, the tastes of fruits, vegetables, and herbs— inspire interest and appreciation of the beauty of nature (Torquati and Barber, 2005). ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Nature Play  Simples experiencias con la naturaleza pueden ser poderosas oportunidades para enseñar y aprender con los niños pequeños. Observando y hablando de los aspectos sensoriales de la naturaleza — los sonidos y los olores del viento y la lluvia, cambiando colores de las estaciones, los sabores de frutas, verduras y hierbas — inspirar interés y apreciación de la belleza de la naturaleza (Torquati y Barber, 2005). ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Nature Inspired Creativity  Nature excursions also can inspire creativity in artwork  Excursiones de naturaleza también pueden inspirar la creatividad en la obra de arte  Children can draw or paint pictures about their experiences  Los niños pueden dibujar o pintar cuadros sobre sus experiencias  Can use collections of natural materials to create artistic masterpieces  Puede utilizar las colecciones de materiales naturales para crear obras de arte ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Nature Inspired Creativity  Berries for dyes  Usar bayas como tinte  Dried stalks for tracing or relief rubbings  Tallos secos para calcar  Acorns, seeds, sticks, and pebbles for collages  Las bellotas, semillas, palos y piedras para collages  You may even find real clay to dig up and sculpt  Incluso puede encontrar arcilla real de desenterrar y esculpir ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Infants Outside  An outdoor space for infants can be as simple as placing a blanket or mat in an unused section of a larger playground  Un espacio al aire libre para los niños puede ser tan simple como colocar una manta o una alfombra en una sección no utilizada de un patio de juegos más grande  Or an area with appropriate infant-sized equipment  O un área con equipo adecuado tamaño infantil ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Infants Outside  It is important that infants have access to the outdoors where they can experience the change in temperature, color, smell, sounds, and textures  Es importante que los niños tengan acceso al aire libre donde puedan experimentar el cambio de temperatura, color, olor, sonidos y texturas ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Technology Causes Sedentary Play  Noninteractive media can lead to passive viewing and overexposure to screen time for young children  Los medios de comunicación no interactiva pueden conducir a visualización pasiva y sobreexposición al tiempo de la pantalla para niños pequeños  The APA recommends that children ages 2 and younger should not be exposed to television  La APA recomienda que los niños edades 2 y más jóvenes no deben exponerse a la televisión ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Technology Causes Sedentary Play  Children older than 2 should limit daily media exposure to only one to two hours of quality programming per week  Los niños mayores de 2 deben limitar diariamente exposición mediática que sólo una o dos horas de programación de calidad por semana ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Technology Causes Sedentary Play  Studies show a relationship between television viewing and the risk of being overweight in preschool children, independent of socio-demographic factors  Los estudios muestran una relación entre ver televisión y el riesgo de sobrepeso en niños preescolares, independiente de los factores sociodemográficos  Children need at least 60 minutes of play with moderate to vigorous activity every day ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Technology Causes Sedentary Play  Los niños necesitan por lo menos 60 minutos de jugar con moderada a vigorosa actividad todos los días  Does not have to occur at once  No tiene que ocurrir al mismo tiempo ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Let’s Move Campaign Ideas for Parents  Give children toys that encourage physical activity like balls, kites, and jump ropes  Dar a los niños juguetes que fomenten la actividad física como pelotas, cometas y cuerdas de saltar  Encourage children to join a sports team or try a new physical activity  Alentar a los niños a unirse a un equipo deportivo o probar una nueva actividad física  Limit TV time and keep the TV out of a child’s bedroom  Limitar el tiempo de TV y mantener la TV de la habitación de un niño  Organize a family walk a few times a week  Organizar un paseo familiar un par de veces a la semana  Walk around the block after a meal  Camine alrededor de la manzana después de una comida  Make a new house rule: No sitting still during television commercials  Hacer una nueva regla: No estar todavía durante los anuncios de televisión ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Let’s Move Campaign Ideas for Parents (continued)  Find time to spend together doing a fun activity  Encontrar tiempo para estar juntos haciendo una divertida actividad  Issue a family challenge to see who can be the first to achieve a Presidential Active Lifestyle Award by committing to physical activity five days a week for six weeks  Emitir un reto familiar para ver quién puede ser el primero en lograr un premio presidencial de estilo de vida activo comprometiéndose a la actividad física cinco días a la semana durante seis semanas  Be sure that children get the sleep they need  Asegúrese de que los niños consiguen el sueño que necesitan  Most children younger than 5 need to sleep for 11 hours or more per day  Mayoría de los niños menor de 5 necesito dormir durante 11 horas o más por día  Children 5-10 need 10 hours of sleep or more per day  Los 5-10 niños necesitan 10 horas de sueño o más por día ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Guidance  Most injuries occurring on playgrounds are the result of falls  Mayoría de las lesiones que se producen en patios es el resultado de las cataratas  More injuries on climbers than other playground equipment  Más lesiones en los escaladores que otro equipo del patio  Supervision is key to safe outdoor play  La supervisión es clave para seguros juegan al aire libre  Teachers should stay involved, have specific duties, and be sure to check hiding places such as under the climber  Maestros deben seguir participando, tienen funciones específicas y asegúrese de visitar lugares que ocultan tales como bajo el escalador  Remove temptations such as a barrel that has rolled over by the fence making it easy to climb  Quite las tentaciones como un barril que ha rodado por la valla, haciéndola fácil de escalar ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Guidance (continued)  To teach safety rules, be sure to show as well as tell  Para enseñar las normas de seguridad, asegúrese de Mostrar, así como contar  Remind children of the rules often  Recuerdan a menudo los niños de las reglas  Young children are usually egocentric  Los niños pequeños son generalmente egocéntricos  Can’t understand other children’s wants and needs  No se puede entender de otros niños y necesidades  Children want autonomy so they need to do things for themselves  Los niños quieren autonomía así que tienen que hacer las cosas por sí mismos  Children operate in the here and now  Los niños operan en el aquí y ahora  Do not remember what you told them five minutes ago  No recuerdo lo les dije hace 5 minutos ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Common Safety Rules for Outdoor Play  Wear shoes when outside  Usar zapatos cuando afuera  Make room for others  Dar cabida a otros  Hold on to grips and rails  Aférrate a puños y rieles  Stay away from swings  Aléjate de columpios  Keep fingers away from moving parts  Mantenga los dedos alejados de las piezas móviles  Always climb up and slide down  Subir y bajar siempre ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Indirect Causes of Conflict  Space:  Not enough space, too much open space (promotes rough-and tumble play), or overlapping use zones for play equipment causing children to run into each other  Espacio: No hay suficiente espacio, mucho espacio abierto (promueve áspero- y juego de la caída), o superposición de zonas de uso para el equipo de juego haciendo que los niños entre ellos  Group size or ratio:  Too many children on the playground at once, the age range is too broad, or not enough staff ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Indirect Causes of Conflict  Grupo tamaño o proporción: muchos niños en el patio de recreo a la vez, la edad es demasiado amplia gama o no hay suficiente personal  Equipment:  Not enough play spaces so children are crowded, lack of loose parts such as balls and sand buckets, or are not age appropriate  Equipamiento: No es suficiente jugar espacios para que los niños están abarrotados, falta de piezas tales como bolas y cubos de arena suelta, o no son edad apropiada ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Teaching Tips  Include large motor activities and outdoor play each day  Incluyen las actividades motoras grandes y juegos al aire libre cada día  Follow large motor and outdoor activities with quiet activities  Seguir motor grande y actividades al aire libre con actividades tranquilas  Model active and enthusiastic participation in large motor and outdoor activities  Modelo participación activa y entusiasta en motor grande y actividades al aire libre ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Teaching Tips  Demonstrate the movement or skill you want children to learn  Demostrar el movimiento o la habilidad que quieras aprender  Encourage experimentation through open- ended questions  Fomentar la experimentación a través de preguntas abiertas  Individualize teaching to meet differing needs  Individualizar la enseñanza para satisfacer las diferentes necesidades ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Teaching Tips  Encourage and reinforce each child’s efforts  Fomentar y reforzar los esfuerzos de cada niño  Practice the movement in fun and unique ways to build the skill over time  Practicar el movimiento en diversión y formas únicas para construir la habilidad con el tiempo  Recognize the importance and possibilities of outdoor play  Reconocer la importancia y posibilidades de juego al aire libre  Create rich, challenging outdoor environments  Crear ricos, desafiando a ambientes al aire libre ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Teaching Tips  Plan special activities for outdoor time  Plan de actividades especiales para el tiempo al aire libre  Provide props and loose parts to extend children’s play  Proporcionar apoyos y piezas sueltas para extender el juego de los niños  Observe and document children’s learning  Observar y documentar el aprendizaje de los niños ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.