Chapter 5 Language, Literacy and Literature the development of language is an essential precursor to reading.... Speaking is a natural development, reading.

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Chapter 5 Language, Literacy and Literature the development of language is an essential precursor to reading.... Speaking is a natural development, reading is not. Reading is an acquired skill (Nevills & Wolfe, 2009). el desarrollo del lenguaje es un precursor esencial para la lectura.... Es un desarrollo natural, no es lectura. La lectura es una habilidad adquirida (Nevills & Wolfe, 2009). ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Language  Defined as human speech, written symbols for speech, or any means of communicating  Definido como el lenguaje humano, símbolos, o cualquier medio de comunicación escrito  Development follows a predictable sequence  Desarrollo sigue una secuencia predecible  Related to chronological age  Relacionadas con la edad cronológica  Includes both sending and receiving information  Incluye tanto enviar y recibir información ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Language  Learned through use  Aprendido con el uso  Brain sets up circuitry needed to understand and reproduce language  Cerebro establece circuitos necesarios para comprender y reproducir lenguaje  First 5-7 years is sensitive period  Primeros 5-7 años es el período sensible ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Emergent Literacy  Process of developing awareness about reading and writing before children can actually read or write  Proceso de desarrollo de conciencia sobre la lectura y la escritura antes de los niños pueden leer o escribir ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Emergent Literacy  Building blocks for later reading, writing, and communicating  Bloques de construcción para la posterior lectura, escritura y comunicación  Includes phonological awareness and letter recognition  Incluye reconocimiento fonológico conciencia y carta ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Literature  All the writings (prose and verse) of a people, country, or period, including those written especially for children  Todos los escritos (prosa y verso) de un pueblo, país o período, incluyendo aquellas escritas especialmente para los niños  We use books to teach children to read and to teach children about the world, math concepts, science, and social studies  Utilizamos libros para enseñar a los niños a leer y a enseñar a los niños sobre el mundo, conceptos de matemáticas, Ciencias y estudios sociales ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Language Development of Young Children  Baby’s cry  Cooing  Smiling and laughing  Babbling  Association  One-word usage  Recall  Telegraphic speech  Multiword speech ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.  Language development follows a predictable sequence and is learned through use

Language Development of Young Children  Bebé llora  arrullo  sonriendo y riendo  Asociación  balbuceando  Uso de una palabra  habla telegráfica  recordar  Uso de varias palabras ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.  Desarrollo del lenguaje sigue una secuencia predecible y se aprende a través del uso

Literacy Development of Young Children  Components  Listening  Speaking  Reading  Writing  Componentes: escuchar, hablar, leer, escribir ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Literacy Development of Young Children  Circular  Through play (Atreves del juego)  Phonics, phonemes, phonological awareness, rhyming, vocabulary, whole language  Fonética, fonemas, conciencia fonológica, rimas, vocabulario, lenguaje  Ideas for creating a developmentally appropriate language and literacy environment  Ideas para crear un ambiente de lenguaje y alfabetización apropiado ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

National Institute for Literacy  Knowing the names of printed letters  Saber los nombres de las letras impresas  Knowing the sounds associated with printed letters  Sabiendo los sonidos asociados con letras impresas  Manipulating the sounds of spoken language  Manipular los sonidos del lenguaje hablado  Rapidly naming a sequence of letters, numbers, objects, or colors  Nombrar rápidamente una secuencia de letras, números, objetos o colores ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

National Institute for Literacy  Writing one’s own name or even isolated letters  Escribir su propio nombre o incluso aisladas Letras  Remembering the content of spoken language for a short time  Recordando el contenido de la lengua hablada por un corto tiempo ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Language and Literacy Environment  The classroom is print-rich  La clase esta llena de letras  Children have access to listening, reading, and writing materials that are available at all times  Los niños tengan acceso a la escucha, lectura y escritura materiales que están disponibles en todo momento  The process—not the product—is the emphasis of all activities  El proceso, no el producto — es el énfasis de todas las actividades ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

An Integrated Language and Literacy Environment  Listening, speaking, writing and reading are integrated  Escuchar, hablar, escribir y leer se integran  Create a child-centered space that is developmentally appropriate  Crear un espacio centrado en el niño que es desarrollo apropiado ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

An Integrated Language and Literacy Environment  Suggestions for an effective language arts center  Sugerencias para un centro de Artes de lenguaje eficaz  An environment that is soft  Un entorno que es suave ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Setting Up the Writing Environment  Access to listening, reading, and writing materials in every learning center  Acceso a la escucha, lectura y escritura materiales en cada centro de aprendizaje  Emergent forms of writing include drawing, scribbling from left to right, creating letter-like forms, or creating random strings of letters  Formas emergentes de escritura incluyen dibujo, garabatos de izquierda a derecha, creando formas carta o crear cadenas aleatorias de Letras  Activities that provide a wide range of writing activities  Actividades que proporcionan una amplia gama de actividades de escritura ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Purposes and Values of Children’s Books  Help children associate that which is new with that which is already known  Ayudar a los niños a asociarlo nuevo con lo que ya es conocido  Give children a greater understanding of the world  Dar a los niños una mayor comprensión del mundo  Make children excited to know more  Hacer que los niños emocionados de saber más ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Purposes and Values of Children’s Books  Foster enjoyment, imagination, curiosity  Fomentar el disfrute, la imaginación, la curiosidad  Help children develop necessary language and literacy skills  Ayudar a los niños a desarrollar habilidades de lenguaje y alfabetización necesarias  Provide many other values  Proporcionar muchos otros valores ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Types and Genres of Books for Children Alphabet books Beginning-to-read books Big books Board books Concept books Counting books Folk literature Informational books Interaction books Mother Goose and nursery rhymes Multicultural books Picture books or picture story books Poetry Predictable books Realistic literature Reference books Series books Teacher- and child-made books Wordless picture books ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Some Criteria for Selection of Books for Young Children  Select books for enjoyment, appeal, vocabulary, durability, format and length  Seleccionar libros para disfrute, apelación, vocabulario, durabilidad, formato y longitud  Offer variety of writing styles and illustrations  Ofrecemos variedad de estilos e ilustraciones de la escritura  Align with children’s experiences  Alinear con las experiencias de los niños  Involve children’s senses  Incluye los 5 sentidos de lo niños  Read several books on the same topic  Leído varios libros sobre el mismo tema ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Additional Criteria  A wide variety of multicultural/anti-bias books  Una amplia variedad de libros multiculturales/anti-bias  Books with well-developed characters  Libros con personajes bien desarrollados  Books that challenge unfairness and prejudice  Libros que desafían la injusticia y los prejuicios  Illustrations free from stereotyping  Ilustraciones libres de los estereotipos ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Additional Criteria  Accuracy in stories  Precisión en la historia  Reading Is Fundamental (RIF) organization (2009) guidelines in the selection of books that include children with special needs  Pautas de organización (2009) de lectura es Fundamental (RIF) en la selección de libros que incluyen a niños con necesidades especiales ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Thematic Selection of Books  Theme based on children’s interests  Choose books that are age and developmentally appropriate  Books should expand the theme  Books with similar characteristics  Can focus on a single item  Can represent the work of a particular genre, author, and/or illustrator ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Integrating Literature into Other Curriculum Areas  Reading aloud (Leer en voz alta)  Using informational books  Usar libros informativos  Using drama and art  Usar libros con drama y arte  Encouraging child-dictated writing  Fomentar la escritura infantil-dictado  Taught around a theme  Enseñar alrededor de un tema ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Integrating Literature into Other Curriculum Areas  Can focus on a content area  Puede centrarse en un área de contenido  Reproductions and retellings  Reproduciones  Put literature around the room  Poner la literatura alrededor de la habitación ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Writing Activities  Writing with water  Labeling  Writing to others  Story starters  Birthday celebrations  Journal writing  Dictionaries  Graphic organizers ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Writing Activities  Escritura con agua  etiquetado  escribiendo a otros  historia arrancadores  cumpleaños  Escribir en un journal  diccionarios  organizadores gráficos ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Word Wall  An alphabetically arranged display or chart of words that children have experienced  Una pantalla dispuesta alfabéticamente o tabla de palabras que los niños han experimentado  A tool children can use to discover new words while practicing and expanding their language skills  Una herramienta los niños pueden utilizar para descubrir nuevas palabras mientras que practicar y ampliar sus habilidades lingüísticas ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Word Wall  Word walls are ongoing displays of words or parts of words used to teach letter-sound correspondence, spelling, reading  Palabra paredes son pantallas en curso de palabras o partes de palabras que se utilizan para enseñar correspondencia letra-sonido, ortografía, lectura ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Encouraging to Become Authors and Illustrators  Why are books authored by children or their teachers valuable?  ¿Por qué son libros escritos por niños o sus profesores valiosas?  Looking at both words and illustrations demands a higher cognitive functioning  Mirando tanto palabras e ilustraciones exige un mayor funcionamiento cognoscitivo  Children need many opportunities to be illustrators  Los niños necesitan muchas oportunidades de ser ilustradores ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Author and Illustrator Activities  Classroom books with contributions from each child  Libros de aula con las aportaciones de cada niño  “Book buddies” or “book partners”  "Amigos del libro" o "libro de socios"  Artwork (trabajo de arte)  Book covers (funda de libro)  Child-dictated text (texto dictado por ninos)  Photographs (fotos)  Binding ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Language and Literacy Activities  Flannel board activities  Retell stories  Interactive  Bridge between real and abstract  Actividades con franela: Retell historias, interactivas, puente entre real y lo abstracto  Group time activities  Finger plays  Poetry  Songs  Stories  Sensory activities  Actividades del tiempo de grupo: juegos de dedos, actividades sensoriales, poesía, canciones, historias ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Storytelling Techniques  Oral tradition  Vary speech patterns—tone, pitch, rhythm  Select stories with simple plots and small numbers of characters  Drama  Props  Puppets  Toys  Songs  Flannel board pictures  Finger plays  Drawings of stories ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Storytelling Techniques  Tradicion oral  Variar los patrones de discurso, tono, tono, ritmo  Seleccionar historias con tramas simples y al pequeño número de caracteres  Drama  Accesarios  títeres  juguetes  Canciones  Cuadro de franela  Juegos de dedos  dibujos de historias ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Poetry  Read poetry to children often  Leer poesía a los niños a menudo  Use snack time as a “poetry break time”  Utilice la merienda como un "tiempo de descanso de la poesía"  Act out a poem  Exteriorizar un poema  Draw an illustration for a poem  Dibujar una ilustración para un poema  Include poetry in group time  Incluyen poesía en vez de grupo ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Poetry  Pick a theme and  Elige un tema y  Make an illustrated booklet  Hacer un folleto ilustrado  Create an exhibit of poems  Crear una exposición de poemas  Create a “poetry line”  Crear una "línea de poesía" ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Literacy and Technology  Not just computers  No solo computadoras  How technology is used is more important than if technology is used at all  ¿Cómo se usa la tecnología es más importante que si la tecnología se utiliza en absoluto  Can enhance all aspects of literacy  mejorar todos los aspectos de la alfabetización ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Technology and the Literacy Curriculum  Primary-age children need to utilize digital and media technology  Los niños de edad primaria necesitan utilizar la tecnología digital y los medios de comunicación  Digital story  Mixes still images (photos or artwork), voice narration, and music  Mezclas aún imágenes (fotos o ilustraciones), narración de voz y música  Requires computer, digital camera, scanner, printer, and software  Requiere computadora, cámara digital, escáner, impresora y software ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Technology and the Literacy Curriculum  All aspects must be developmentally appropriate  Todos los aspectos deben ser apropiados  Teachers need experience in technology before embarking on this type of literacy learning  Los maestros necesitan experiencia en tecnología antes de embarcarse en este tipo de aprendizaje de la lectoescritura ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Respecting a Child’s Bilingual, Bicultural World  Increasing numbers of children whose home language is not English  Un número creciente de niños cuya lengua materna no es el inglés  Support native language literacy first (anti-bias approach)  Apoyar la alfabetización de lengua materna primero (anti-bias-approach)  Stages of acquiring a second language  Etapas de la adquisición de una segunda lengua  Terms used to describe or characterize children whose second language is English  Términos utilizados para describir o caracterizar a los niños cuyo segundo idioma es el inglés ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Encouraging Family Support  Recognize the value of family efforts  Reconocer el valor de los esfuerzos de la familias  Build relationships and trust  Construir relaciones y confianza  Communicate with families through notes and letters  Comunicarse con las familias a través de notas y cartas  Respect the language of the home and school ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Encouraging Family Support  Respetar el lenguaje de la escuela y el hogar  Involve parents in activities  Involucrar a los padres en las actividades  Encourage reading and writing activities in the home  Fomentar la lectura y la escritura las actividades en el hogar ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Family/School Connection  Reading to their child should be a part of every day  Leerle a su hijo debe ser una parte de cada día  Suggestions on how families can involve children with books  Sugerencias sobre cómo las familias pueden involucrar a niños con libros  Set up a parent-lending library  Establecer una biblioteca de préstamos parent ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Family/School Connection  Read more than books  Leer más libros  Encourage parents to limit television time  Alentar a los padres limitar el tiempo de televisión  Have families read books in their first language  Tienen familias leen libros en su primer idioma ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Guidance Tips for Story Time  Encourage the child to stay with group, but do not insist  Estimular al niño a permanecer con el grupo, pero no insista  Begin with books that have only a few pages  Comenzar con libros que tienen pocas páginas  Help a child focus by asking about what might happen next  Ayudar a un enfoque de niño preguntándole sobre lo que podría pasar después ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Guidance Tips for Story Time  Handle problems as briefly as possible  Manejar problemas tan brevemente como sea posible  Be sure children have elbow and knee room and can see  Asegúrese de que los niños tienen sala de codo y rodilla y pueden ver ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Guidance Tips for Story Time  To gain attention, insert child’s name as part of the story  Para obtener atención, inserte el nombre del niño como parte de la historia  Have children retell story using their own words, join in to repeat lines, place flannel board pieces as you tell the story  Tener hijos contar historia utilizando sus propias palabras, Únete repetir las líneas, coloque pedazos de tablero de franela como contaste la historia  Use a puppet to guide children through the story  Use un títere para niños guía a través de la historia ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Tips for Teachers  Opportunities for reading must be available frequently, not just at circle time  Oportunidades para la lectura deben estar disponibles con frecuencia, no sólo en círculo  Imbed books, functional print and writing materials throughout the room  Colocar libros, impresión de funciones y materiales de escritura en toda la habitación  Books on construction and blueprints in block center  Libros sobre construcción y planos en el centro del bloque ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Tips for Teachers  Phone books, menus and message pads in dramatic play  Guías telefónicas, menús y almohadillas de mensaje en juegos dramáticos  Non-fiction books in the science center  Libros de no ficción en el centro de Ciencias  Graph paper in the math center  Papel cuadriculado en el centro de matemáticas ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.