¡Los Mandatos! ¡Sí, Señor! In this presentation, you will learn about making commands in Spanish. = Imperative Mood (used in: advertisements, announcements, telling someone to do something, etc.) Contenido ( contents ) de esta Presentación: Tú commands start on slide #6; Formal (Ud.) commands start on slide #10.

Commands in English… … are pretty easy. You just use a base verb form (without a subject, since its always “ you ” ) to tell people what they should do: Stand up! Sit down! Do your homework! Take it with you! Come with us!

Commands in English… … and what they shouldn ’ t do: Don ’ t speak during the test! Don ’ t ever go out with her again! Don’t be a jerk !!! Don’t BOSS me, Judge Judy!! Now, calm down, honey.

Commands in English… … and MORE of what they shouldn ’ t do… Stop yelling. OR: Don’t yell!

Commands in Spanish… … are little more complex (¡y interesantes!) because we have so many ways of saying “ you ” : Tú: informal, singular Vosotros: informal, plural Ud.: formal, singular Uds.: formal, plural

Informal (tú) commands [mandatos afirmativos informales] First let’s concentrate on the tú (informal) commands only…

INformal (tú) commands [mandatos afirmativos informales] (regular verbs) OJO (look): abrir > ¡abre! comprar > ¡compra! correr > ¡corre! What ‘rule’ can you make to make the correct command form?

INformal (tú) commands [mandatos afirmativos informales] (stem-change/boot verbs) OJO (look): despertar > ¡despierta! entender > ¡entiende! pedir > ¡pide! Does the same ‘rule’ work for stem-changers?? The tú (you) is understood / not written

Informal (tú) commands [mandatos afirmativos informales] …and the (lovely) irregulars! : decir > di hacer > haz ir > ve poner > pon salir > sal tener > ten venir > ven

Formal (usted/ustedes) commands [mandatos formales] Now, let’s concentrate on the formal (usted, ustedes) commands only… --Dígame ‘usted.’ --¡Ud. es el jefe! --¡Sí, don Juan! --Entonces… no le puedo decir ¿AMIGO?? ¿ni…Juanito?!

Let ’ s look at a few examples! (formal commands) Hable despacio, por favor. ¡Repita, por favor.! Compren Uds. los zapatos. Usen su tarjeta de crédito. ¡No lleguen (Uds.) tarde! ¡No se levante Ud.! ¡No olividen las ventas! Huele a humo (smells like smoke)…¡Corran!

Hable despacio, por favor. The speaker is talking to one person. Can you figure out how we got the form “ hable ” ? Take the “ yo ” form of the present: HABLO Drop the –o: HABL- “ Hablar ” is an –AR verb, so add –E to form the command: HABLE Mandatos formales

Repita, por favor. The speaker is talking to one person. Can you figure out how we got the form “ repita ” ? Take the “ yo ” form of the present: REPITO Drop the –o: REPIT- “ Repetir ” is an –IR verb, so add –A to form the command: REPITA Mandatos formales

Opposite vowels Think of the verb adding the “ opposite vowel ” : AR verbs add an –E. ER & IR verbs add an –A. Mandatos formales

Let ’ s try a couple! Comer: ¡______ Ud.! Recibir: ¡_____ Ud.! jugar: ¡_____ Ud.! Comprar: ______ Ud.! Buscar: ______ Ud.! Esperar: ________ Ud.! Venir: ________ Ud.! Mandatos formales

¿ Uds… ? ¿ Uds… ? Vengan Uds. hoy mismo! Right! Just add an –N to the command form when you are talking to more than one person. Mandatos formales

¡No! How do we make negative Ud. commands in Spanish? ¡No fume! ¡No tome café! ¡No coma tanto! Right – simply put the word NO in front of the command form. Mandatos formales

Remember, if the first person singular (yo) form is irregular, that irregularity is carried over into the formation of the formal command. Tengan Uds. un buen viaje. (yo tengo) Have a good trip. Traiga Ud. el dinero. (yo traigo) Bring the money. Venga Ud. conmigo. (yo vengo) Come with me. Mandatos formales

¿Qué pasa? Haga la tarea. Hacer > yo hago > -o + -a Tenga paciencia. Tener > yo tengo > -o + -a Salga ahora. Salir > yo salgo > - o + -a Ponga la receta aqui. Poner > yo pongo > -o + -a Piense bien. Pensar > yo pienso > -o + -e These verbs follow the same formula: start with the yo form, drop the –o, and add the opposite vowel. Mandatos formales

-car, -gar, -zar These verbs spell change in “ yo ” : buscar > yo busco > busque Jugar > yo juego > juegue empezar > yo empiezo > empiece sacar > yo saco > saque -cir + -cer endings… These verbs spell change in “ yo ” to –zco: traducir > traduzco > traduzca  conducir > conduzco > condu-____  conocer > cono____ > cono-______  (decir > digo > diga….. plain, old irregular! ) Mandatos formales

Mandatos Formales Irregulares some irregular Ud. Commands… These verbs are completely irregular in “ yo ” form because they don ’ t end in “ o ”. Therefore, they are also irregular in the command form: Dar dé -- no dé ( give ) Ir vaya -- no vaya ( go ) Saber..... sepa -- no sepa ( know ) Haber haya -- no haya (there is/are) Estar esté -- no esté ( be ) Ser sea -- no sea ( be ) Mandatos formales

Stem Change Verbs These verbs take spell change in stem for all forms: *  e>i (ex: servir > sirvo > sirva pedir > pido > pida)  e > ie (ex: perder > pierdo > pierda cerrar > cierra > cierre)  o > ue (ex: volver > vuelvo > vuelva) * Yay! You’ve been doing this all along!! ¡Qué listos!! Mandatos formales U R 2 cool, man!!

¡Levántese! What about reflexive verbs? ¡Levántese! / ¡Pruébese! In affirmative commands, all objects are attached to the end of the verb & an accent is placed on the original, stressed syllable (usually it’s the 2 nd vowel from the end. Levante + se Levanten + se Mandatos formales

¡No se levante! What about negative reflexive verbs? ¡No se levante! ¡No se siente! In negative commands, all objects precede the verb. No se levante. No se levanten. No se siente. No se sienten. Mandatos formales Now… Try to change these Formal commands to informal ones!! (tú form) The infinitives: levantarse and sentarse