Present Indicative and Present Progressive tenses

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Transcripción de la presentación:

Present Indicative and Present Progressive tenses Spanish 2- Repasos

Sentences in Spanish 1) Sentences in Spanish, like those in English, need a subject and verb in order to make it a full sentence. 2) The subject pronouns are: Singular Plural Yo I Nosotros (as) we Tú You(inf.) Él He Ellos they Ella She Ellas they Usted (Ud.) You (for.) Ustedes (Uds.) y'all 3) Unlike English, subject pronouns are OPTIONAL in Spanish. Ella canta bien. OR Canta bien.

4) To negate a sentence, add the word "no" before the verb in the sentence. Ellos no nadan en el río.   5) Why 2 ways to say "you"? *Tú is informal, used with friends and family. *Ud. is formal, used for older people or those you don’t know well to show respect. 6) Uds. is used when you want to talk to a group of people. It can be used formally or informally, except in Spain where Vosotros is the informal you plural and Uds. is the formal you plural.

Present Tense (Indicative) The present tense talks about what is happening now at present, happens generally, and what is general fact.  Ella juega fútbol. (She plays soccer.) Texas es grande. (Texas is big.)   1) Formation of Regular -AR Verbs Endings: Yo -o Nosotros -amos Tú -as Él -a Ellos -an Ella -a Ellas -an Ud -a Uds -an Example: Bailar (to dance) Yo bailo Nosotros bailamos Tú bailas Él, Ella, Ud baila Ellos, Ellas, Uds bailan Examples of other regular -ar verbs are lavar, cantar, hablar, sacar, tomar, llegar, llevar, necesitar, etc.

Regular -ER and -IR verbs 2) Regular -ER Verbs Endings: Yo -o Nosotros -emos Tú -es Él -e Ellos -en Ella -e Ellas -en Ud -e Uds -en   Example: Comer (to eat) Yo como Nosotros comemos Tú comes Él, Ella, Ud come Ellos, Ellas, Uds comen Other regular -er verbs are aprender, leer, comprender, correr, etc.

3) Regular -IR Verbs Endings: Yo -o Nosotros -imos Tú -es Él -e Ellos -en Ella -e Ellas -en Ud -e Uds -en Example: Vivir (to live) Yo vivo Nosotros vivimos Tú vives Él, Ella, Ud vive Ellos, Ellas, Uds viven Other regular -ir verbs are subir, escribir, repartir, abrir, asistir, etc.   *How can you tell which are regular verbs and which are irregular verbs? -There is no magic solution. You have to study and memorize which are which.

Some Irregular verbs are: Venir (to come) Yo vengo Nosotros venimos Tú vienes Él Ellos Ella viene Ellas vienen Ud Uds   Tener (to have) Yo tengo Nosotros tenemos Tú tienes Ella tiene Ellas tienen *These changes apply for any verb with the above verbs in the body. For example: detener, obtener, intervenir, etc.

Irregular Present Tense Verbs The Present Tense has regular verbs, stem-changing verbs, "yo" changers, spelling changers, and completely irregular verbs (meaning they follow no set pattern so they have to be memorized.)

Stem-Changing Present Tense Verbs There are 3 classes of stem-changing verbs in the present tense. They are called "stem" changing because the endings remain the same as regular present tense verbs while the body of the verbs experiences a change in all forms except the nosotros. These are sometimes called the "boot" or “shoe” verbs. *Remember, you must learn which verb make which change. There is no "trick" to know. *These verbs take REGULAR endings!

E-IE Querer (to want or love) Yo quiero Nosotros queremos Tú quieres Él Ellos Ella quiere Ellas quieren Ud Uds Other verbs that have the E-IE change are: Cerrar (to close) Perder (to lose) Despertar (to wake up) Empezar(to start) Pensar (to think) Sentar (to sit) Entender (to understand) Preferir(to prefer) Divertir(se) (to have fun) Mentir (to lie) Sentir (to feel)

O-UE Dormir (to sleep) Yo duermo Nosotros dormimos Tú duermes Él Ellos Ella duerme Ellas duermen Ud Uds   Other verbs that have the O-UE change are: Contar (to count/tell) Volver (to return) Acostarse (to go to bed) Costar (to cost) Recordar (to remember) Jugar (to play) Encontrar (to find) Volar (to fly) Llover (to rain) morir (to die) Poder (to be able to, "can")

E-I Pedir (to ask for) Yo pido Nosotros pedimos Tú pides Él Ellos Ella pide Ellas piden Ud Uds   Other verbs that have the E-I change are: Repetir (to repeat) reír(se) (to laugh) Despedir(se)(to say goodbye) Seguir (to follow) Servir (to serve) Sonreír (to smile) Vestir(se) (to get dressed)

Practice 1) (comprender) La profesora __________ griego. 2) (subir) Ellos ____________ las escaleras. 3) (aprender) Yo _________ mucho en la escuela. 4) (leer) Nosotros _____ en la biblioteca. 5) (correr) ?____________ (tú) todos los días? 6)(escribir) Uds._________ en sus cuadernos. 7) (comer) Luis__________ en el restaurante. 8) (abrir) Nosotros ________ los regalos.

More practice Conjugate in the present tense Mi hijo (querer) _____coleccionar insectos. Tú y yo (sentirse)_____ muy estresados hoy. Ana no (acostarse) _______nunca sin cenar. Las niñitas (jugar) ______a las muñecas. Roberto (perder)____ el autobús con frecuencia. Elisa y yo (pedir)______ comida rápida a veces. El bebé (dormir) _______en el carricoche.

Even more practice  8. Yo (morirse)________ de pánico en un avión. 9. ¿Quién (poder) _________hablar gallego? 10. Uds. (preferir)__________ comer pan duro. 11.Nadie (recordar) _____________la fecha. 12. Ellos (probar)____________ la comida cubana. 13. Uds. (almorzar) _________a las dos en España. 14. Mi madre (medir)__________ los ingredientes. 15. El turista (volver)___________ a su país.

Stop here for repasos C-D

"YO" Changers in the Present Tense The following verbs only have an irregularity in the "yo" form. All forms other than "yo" follow regular present tense endings/rules with no spelling irregularities. They can be divided into 3 categories: Z,G, and Extras.

Z (vowel + -cer or –cir) Conocer (to know someone) Yo conozco Nosotros conocemos Tú conoces Él Ellos Ella conoce Ellas conocen Ud Uds *Other verbs that have the Z change are: Verb Meaning Yo form 1. Agradecer To appreciate Agradezco 2. Aparecer To appear Aparezco 3. Crecer To grow Crezco 4. Merecer To deserve Merezco 5. Obedecer To obey Obedezco 6. Traducir To translate Traduzco

G Hacer (to do/make) Yo hago Nosotros hacemos Tú haces Él Ellos Ella hace Ellas hacen Ud Uds  *Other verbs that have the G change are: Verb Meaning Yo Form 1. Caer(se) To fall Caigo 2. Poner To put Pongo 3. Salir To leave/go out Salgo 4. Traer To bring Traigo 5. Valer To have worth Valgo 6. Decir To say Digo

Yo Extras Ver (to see) Yo veo Nosotros vemos Tú ves Él Ellos Ella ve Ellas ven Ud Uds   Dar (to give) Yo doy Nosotros damos Tú das Ella da Ellas dan Saber (to know something) Yo sé Nosotros sabemos Tú sabes Ella sabe Ellas saben

The completely Irregular Present Tense verbs are: Venir (to come) Yo vengo Nosotros venimos Tú vienes Él Ellos Ella viene Ellas vienen Ud Uds   Tener (to have) Yo tengo Nosotros tenemos Tú tienes Ella tiene Ellas tienen *These changes apply for any verb with the above verbs in the body. For example: detener, obtener, intervenir, etc.

Decir (to say) Yo digo Nosotros decimos Tú dices Él Ellos Ella dice Ellas dicen Ud Uds Ir (to go) Yo voy Nosotros vamos Tú vas Ella va Ellas van

Estar (to be) Yo estoy Nosotros estamos Tú estás Él Ellos Ella está Ellas están Ud Uds   Ser (to be) Yo soy Nosotros somos Tú eres Ella es Ellas son Oír (to hear) Yo oigo Nosotros oímos Tú oyes Ella oye Ellas oyen

Spelling Changes in the Present Tense 1. Verbs ending in -UIR The verbs ending in –uir (except –guir), a “y” is inserted after the “u” in all forms except those for nosotros and vosotros. Example: Huir (to flee) Yo huyo Nosotros huimos Tú huyes X Él, ella, Ud huye Ellos, ellas,Uds. huyen

Other verbs that have the same change: Concluir = to conclude, end Construir = to construct Contribuir = to contribute Destruir = to destroy Distribuir = to distribute Incluir = to include Influir = to influence Sustituir = to substitute

2. Verbs ending in –iar and - uar Some verbs ending in –iar or –uar stress the “i” or the “u” (í, ú) in all forms except those for nosotros and vosotros.  Example: Enviar (to send) Other verbs with that change: Confiar (en ) = to rely on, to confide in Espiar = to spy Fiarse (de) = to trust Guiar = to guide Resfriarse = to catch a cold Variar = to vary Yo envío Nosotros enviamos Tú envías X Él, ella, Ud envía Ellos,ellas,Uds. envían

Example: Continuar (to continue) Other verbs with that change: Actuar = to act Graduarse = to graduate Yo continúo Nosotros continuamos Tú continúas X Él, ella, Ud continúa Ellos,ellas,Uds. continúan

3. Verbs ending in –ger or -gir In verbs ending in –ger or –gir, the “g” changes to a “j” before the letters “o” and “a.”   Example: Dirigir (to direct) Other verbs with the same change: Afligir = to afflict, to grieve Coger = to seize, to grasp, to catch Escoger = to choose, to select Exigir = to demand, to require Fingir = to pretend Proteger = to protect Recoger = to gather, to pick up Yo dirijo Nosotros dirigimos Tú diriges X Él, ella, Ud dirige Ellos,ellas,Uds. dirigen

4. Verbs ending in -guir In the verbs ending in –guir, the “gu” changes to “g” before the letters “o” or “a.”   Example: Distinguir (to distinguish) Verbs that have the same change: Extinguir = to extinguish Yo distingo Nosotros distinguimos Tú distingues X Él, ella, Ud distingue Ellos,ellas,Uds. distinguen

Note: some verbs with spelling changes also have stem changes *Corregir = to correct Corrijo, corriges, corrige, corregimos, corrigen   Verbs with the same change: elegir ( to elect, choose) *Seguir = to follow or continue Sigo, sigues, sigue, seguimos, siguen Verbs with the same change: Conseguir = to get, to obtain, to succeed in Perseguir – to pursue, to persecute Proseguir = to continue, to proceed

Practice 1 1) (enseñar) La profesora _____________ clase. 2) (bailar) Ellos ____________ todos los días. 3) (lavar) Yo no _________ mi coche mucho. 4) (cantar) Nosotros no ___________ en clase. 5) (sacar) ¿_____________ (tú) buenas notas? 6) (necesitar) Uds.______ comprar un cuaderno. 7) (comprar) Luis___________ zapatos nuevos. 8) (tomar) Tú_________ el autobús, ¿verdad? 9) (estudiar) Los chicos_______ mucho en casa. 10) (llegar) Nosotros no _______ tarde a clase.

Practice 3 Complete the dialog with the appropriate present tense form of verb in parenthesis. Can you translate the sentences into English? -¿Qué __________ (decir) la profesora? Yo no________ (oír) nada desde aquí. -Yo tampoco. Yo ________ (ir) a sentarme allí. Sus conferencias siempre __________ (entretener) mucho. ¿________(venir) conmigo?

Continued… -Sí, claro. Mis amigos ___________ (decir) que cuando ellos __________ (estar) en su clase, nunca se aburren. -Oye, _________ (venir) muchas personas.   -Yo___________(tener) que encontrarme con Mateo. Nosotros _________ (ir) a la piscina después de la conferencia. -De acuerdo. Aquí nosotros _______ (estar) cerca de la puerta y también ________ (oír) todo lo que ella ________ (decir). 

Present Progressive Progressive tenses are compound tenses. They consist of a verb or motion and a gerund (present participle). These tenses talk about events that are in motion, in progress or continuing.   Step 1: Forming Gerunds/Present Participles (Remember, once formed, the same gerund is used for every subject, regular or irregular.)

The formation of IRREGULAR gerunds. A) The verbs "Ir" and "Oír" and verbs that end in - aer, -eer, and -uir have gerunds ending in -yendo.   Ir - Yendo Traer - trayendo Oír - Oyendo Leer - Leyendo Construir - Construyendo AR verbs take -ando -ER and –IR verbs take -iendo Ex: cantar=cantando Ex: comer=comiendo Vivir=viviendo

B) Stem-changing –ar and –er verbs do not have a stem change in the gerund:  Jugar-jugando volver- volviendo C) Stem changing –ir verbs have the following stem change in the gerund (OR you can think of it as Preterite Chancla verbs have the same spelling changes in the gerund.)   -e to i -o to u Pedir-Pidiendo Dormir-Durmiendo D) Ones to memorize  Venir - Viniendo Decir - Diciendo Poder - Pudiendo Reír - Riendo

Practice (Present Progressive) Complete with the present progressive. 1. El niño (escuchar) _____________________el reloj cucú. 2. Los atletas (recibir)_____________________ otro trofeo. 3. Yo (ponerse)________________________ unas sandalias. 4. Julio y yo (hacer)_______________________ un lío aquí. 5. Los bebés (dormir)___________________ tranquilamente. 6. ¡Tú (despertarse)_____________________ tempranísimo! 7. El turista (buscar)________________________ su pasaporte. 8. El testigo (decir)_______________________ más mentiras. 9. Nosotros (volver)___________________ de las vacaciones. 10. Yo (divertirse)___________________ mucho en la playa.

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