Saying the date Formula = Es el (number) de (month) Exception = The first of the month is “Es el primero de (month)” Example = May 5 th Es el cinco de mayo Practice: Write the following dates Christmas New years day August 10 th Es el veinticinco de diciembre Es el primero de enero Es el diez de agosto

Definite and indefinite articles Definition of an article: a small word that comes before a noun and translates as “the, a, an, some”. It must match the item in number and gender. Definite articles refer to something specific. “the” Indefinite articles refer to something in general. “a, an, some” Definite articlesSingularPlural Masculine Feminine el la los las Indefinite articles SingularPlural Masculine Feminine un una unos unas

Subject pronouns Subject pronouns replace the name of the person doing the action in a sentence. In English they are I, you, he, she, it, we, and they. Spanish subject pronounsSingularPlural 1 st person 2 nd person 3 rd person yo tú él ella usted (Ud.) Nosotros, nosotras ellos ellas ustedes (Uds.)

Ser The verb ser is one of two verbs in Spanish that translates as “to be”. The verbs are not interchangeable. Use ser in the following situations: The hour, day, and date nationality Occupation Physical or character description Religious or political affiliation Origin Possession relationship of one person to another certain impersonal expressions where an event is taking place essential qualities The material something is made of “to be” English conjugations I am You are He, she, it is We are They are

SER SingularPlural 1 st personI am = __________________We are ____________________ 2 nd personYou (familiar) are ____________XXX 3 rd person He is =____________________ She is=____________________ You(formal) are =___________ it is=______________________ They (m) are=_______________ They (f) are=_______________ all of you are=______________ They (things) are =___________ Yo soy Tú eres Él es ella es Ud. es es Nosotros(as) somos Ellos son Ellas son Ustedes son son

Time Telling time Formula = (Es/son) + (la, las) + (hour) + (y/menos) + (minutes) + (Time of day) At what time formula = A + (la, las) + (hour) + (y/menos) + (minutes) + (Time of day) Examples: 1:10 pm __________________________________________________________ 8:30am __________________________________________________________ 7:15 pm __________________________________________________________ 9:45 am __________________________________________________________ Or_________________________________________________________ Es la una y diez de la tarde Son las ocho y media de la mañana Son las siete y cuarto de la noche Son las nueve y cuarenta y cinco de la mañana Son las diez menos cuarto de la mañana

Adjectives Adjectives definition A word that describes or modifies a noun Adjectives in Spanish must match the noun in number and gender Adjectives are generally placed after the noun in the sentence. El carro verde Los carros verdes

Conjugating –ar verbs Definitions Verb Infinitive Subject Subject pronouns Conjugate Conjugations A word that represents an action or a state of being– “it’s what you do” the simple or basic form of the verb, the unchanged verb with the –ar, -er, or –ir still attached to the end of the word. Generally means “to do something” ex: hablar – to speak the person doing the action Words that replace the person’s name and used as the subject of a noun changing the verb to match the subject the forms of the verb after it has been conjugated or changed to match the subjects

Conjugating –ar verbs Steps 1. Take off the –ar ending. Hablar –ar = habl (this is called the stem) 2. Figure out who the subject is Yo, tú, él, ella, usted, nosotros, nosotras, ellos, ellas, ustedes 3. Add the appropriate ending o as a amos an Example: HABLAR SingularPlural 1 st person 2 nd Person 3 rd person hablo hablas habla hablamos hablan

Irregular verbs IR, DAR, and Estar Conjugations and translations Ir = __________Dar = ____________ Estar = ____________ To go voy vas va vamos van To give das da damos dan doy To be estoy estás estáestán estamos

IR The verb ir and its conjugations are generally followed by “a” To say you are going to do something formula (ir) + a + (infinitive) To say you are going to some place formula (ir) + a + (article) + (noun) Contractions: _______ + _______ = ________ (to the, at the) _______ + _______ = ________ (of the, from the) aelal deeldel Voy a estudiar vamos a la escuela

Estar This verb is not interchangeable with ser! Usage Rhyme: How you feel and where you are, you always use the verb estar. Health, feelings, location, emotions, present progressive tense

Negation (making something negative) NO It’s so simple! Just add NO after the subject pronoun and before the verb Ex: yo no como el pescado Ex: yo no como el pescado I do not eat fish I do not eat fish

TENER/ VENIR "Tener" and "venir" are both irregular verbs. Because they are irregular, you must memorize their conjugations. We present these two verbs together because they are very similar in the way they are conjugated: Tener Venir to have to come from tengo / vengo tienes / vienes tiene / viene tenemos / venimos tenéis / venís tienen / vienen

IR + A + infinitive In Spanish, many useful expressions are formed by combining two verbs. When this occurs, the first verb is conjugated, while the second verb remains in the infinitive form. ir, viajar Yo voy a viajar a España. I am going to travel to Spain.

TENER QUE Tener que + infinitive is one way to express obligation or necessity. This expression can be translated as "someone has to do something." Tener is conjugated according to the subject of the sentence. Tengo que comer las verduras. I have to eat the vegetables. Ángel tiene que leer el periódico. Ángel has to read the newspaper. Ellos tienen que comprar una revista. They have to buy a magazine.