Tendencias de Migración Irregular 2008 Unidad de Integridad Migratoria, Miami febrero del 2009

Resumen Disminución constante de llegadas indebidamente documentadas en Canadá Se dificulta la detección de documentos fraudulentos de alta calidad La cantidad de solicitudes de asilo realizadas en todos los puntos se está incrementando. Los Impostores que utilizan pasaportes canadienses y Europeos siguen siendo un problema. También se está abusando de la tarjeta de residencia. Casi la mitad de llegadas indebidamente documentadas ahora utiliza rutas a través de las Américas para llegar a Canadá.

Concepto de Fronteras Múltiples País de orígen Solicitud de visa Chequeo (aeropuerto) Punto inicial de abordaje Zonas de tránsito Punto final de embarque Llegada al aeropuerto/puerto LLegada - frontera terrestre Dentro de Canadá In order to study and develop responses to these concerns Canada uses a model called the “Multiple Borders Concept” This model highlights the fact that there are various points along the continuum of international travel at which we have the opportunity to identify and stop those who would pose threats to our nations. Control of our national borders starts far away from our border in the countries of origin and of transit enroute. Each point along the continuum represents both an opportunity and an intelligence challenge. To improve domestic and international security and address intelligence gaps, Canada has taken several concrete steps which I will outline for you.

Solicitudes de Asilo (en 1000s) 1986-2008

Distribución de las Solicitudes de Asilo 2005 2006 2007 2008 Total 19,771 22,956 28,533 36,895 En Canadá 63% 62% 51% 49% Front. terr. 20% 29% Aerop. 17% 18% 22% 2005: expected to reach about 18,500 (inland: 11,500; land 3,900, airport 3,100) Fuente: FOSS

Solicitudes de asilo por nacionalidad 2007 Total 28,520 Source: FOSS

Solicitudes de asilo en la frontera con los EE.UU. - 2008 193 182 216 204 185 297 193 185 182 420 216 204 297 420 3,958 3,958 1,475 1,475 1,608 1,608 Total: 10,795 – incremento de 32% desde 2007

Llegadas de Pasajeros Indebidamente Documentados 2008 Total: 2423

Llegadas de PIDs a los aeropuertos canadienses 1993-2008

Regiones: últimos puntos de embarque 2001/2008 Europa occ. 51% 34% Oriente/Pacif. 16% EE.UU. 29% 11% 10% Caribe 9% Centroamérica 4% 8% Europa orient. 3% India 2% América del S. Africa/MO 1%

Llegadas indebidamente documentadas Los 10 Ultimos Puntos de Embarque en 2008 Paris - 160 Londres - 140 México D.F. - 135 Washington - 125 Amsterdam - 93 Atlanta - 63 Fráncfort - 62 Hong Kong - 58 Chicago – 53 Brussels - 45 We are seeing more and more improperly documented foreign natioanls coming from South America

Primeros 10 pasaportes falsificados por INADPAX en Canadá 2008 Travel to Canada includes attempting to come to Canada and arrivals at a POE. Mexican passport is a concern for us, particularly those examples of genuine passports improperly obtained by Peruvians, Colombians to facilitate a refugee claim. USA passport and its use by impostors seeking to enter Canada continues to be a concern

Tipo de fraude en pasaportes 2008 Based on the majority of fraudulent passports intercepted abroad or detected upon arrival at a Canadian airport in 2005-06. Total of 7,122 passports. Leading type of fraud is alterations with 65% (Photo-subs + Biodata page subs + Other alterations) Genuine documents used or issued fraudulently = 27% (Impostors + Improperly obtained/issued + Stolen blanks) Counterfeit passports only 4% No fantasy passports recorded in 2005-06. Interesting to note that approximetly 1 out 5 cases was a genuine passport used by impostor. Importance of matching picture in passport with client.

Documentos canadienses interceptados en 2008 Pasaportes 762 Visas 427 Tarjetas de residencia permanente 270 Tarjetas de ciudadanía 212 Licencias de conducir 83 Tarjetas de salud 55 Tarjetas de seguro social 47 Travel to Canada includes both attempts to travel where and interceptions has taken place and actual arrivals at POEs.

Pasaportes usados por PIDs de China 2008 Fuente: SSI

Rutas Principales Usadas por los Chinos Vancouver London Toronto Montreal Istanbul Beijing Tel Aviv Tokyo Seoul Shanghai Dubai Hong Kong Bangkok Singapore

Pasaportes usados por PIDs de Sri Lanka 2008 Fuente: SSI

Rutas Principales Usadas por los Srilankeses Vancouver London Toronto Montreal Paris Mexico Tokyo Bahrain Hong Kong Colombo Kuala Lumpur

Pasaportes usados por PIDs de Iran 2008 Fuente: SSI

Rutas Principales Usadas por los Iranies Vancouver Montreal London Amsterdam Toronto Frankfurt Paris Atenas Mexico Istanbul Caribbean Islands Mexico Caracas

Pasajeros llegando por mar 2000 2001 2002 2003 2006 2008 Tripulación 240 128 91 94 90 79 Polizones 111 129 86 80 14 7 Pasajeros 40 13 1 117 Total 391 270 184 175 144 203

Retos Actuales Uso fraudulento de pasaportes exemptos de visa; Uso fraudulento de documentos canadienses; Fraude en los procesos de visa canadiense; Documentos genuinos usados por impostores; fraude en programa de trabajo temporal One of the key ongoing challenges include the continued fraudulent use of visa exempt passports by irregular migrants. These include the UK, Greece, France, the Netherlands, Singapore, South Korea, Japan and the HK SAR. Since the fall of 2001 the Federal Government has removed visa exemptions from 11 countries (including Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, Hungary, and Costa Rica) in order to address this threat. Canadian documents, however, continue to be the documents of choice for people seeking to enter Canada fraudulently. Another growing challenge is that irregular migrants and their facilitators are increasingly targeting the visitor visa and permanent resident processes of Canada and other countries. Through the use of fraudulent application information and supporting documentation, irregular migrants are increasingly attempting to obtain, through fraud and misrepresentation, genuine Canadian documents. For this reason CBSA has been supporting Citizenship and Immigration Canada in the development of an Anti Fraud strategy to better equip officers to detect application fraud. Over the past several years, as the physical security of documents has improved, we have noted an increased incidence of impostors, individuals using another persons document who resemble the genuine holder of the document. CBSA has developed a training module on impostor detection to enhance the ability of our officers and partner agencies in detecting this type of fraud. All of these types of fraud, if not detected prior to or upon entry to Canada, ultimately impact other government departments and other levels of government, as these individuals enter the Canadian document “regime”.

Unidad de Integridad Migratoria, Miami CBSA Tendencias de Migración Irregular 2007-2008 © Government of Canada 2007 This material is provided for the exclusive use of certified trainers in your organization. It must not be copied, lent or printed by any other person. Use outside your organization must first be discussed with the Canadian Migration Integrity Officer who is responsible for training in your area. Material has been provided by the Border Intelligence Division of the Intelligence Branch of CBSA (Canada Border Services Agency) and and other contributors.