COMMANDS ~ Giving directions When giving directions, one speaks directly to another person: YOU In Spanish, there are 3 words for YOU: túUd. Uds. INFORMAL.

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Transcripción de la presentación:

COMMANDS ~ Giving directions When giving directions, one speaks directly to another person: YOU In Spanish, there are 3 words for YOU: túUd. Uds. INFORMAL FORMAL

Therefore... there are 3 different verb endings depending on who the command is directed towards. tú Ud. Uds. } FORMAL INFORMAL

affirmative command ~ used to tell someone to DO something * Turn left on Cox Mill Rd. neg ative command ~ used to tell someone DON'T do something * Don't drive too fast.

INFORMAL COMMANDS 1 start with yo-form present tense 2 drop the -o 3 { affirmative command (tú) -ar-er/-ir -a -e negative command (tú) -ar-er/-ir -es -as

Why start with present tense yo-form??? EMPEZAR ---> empiezo --->empiez VOLVER ---> vuelvo--->vuelv SEGUIR ---> sigo--->sig * many changes happen in present tense yo-form that affect the COMMAND FORMS.

1.Lava el carro. 2.Habla más despacio. 3.Duerme en el sofá. 1.No laves el carro. 2.No hables tan rápido. 3.No duermas en el sofá. AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE

AND what about -car -gar -zar ??? (-ar verbs with a stem that ends in c, g, or z...) Just like in the preterite, there will be a spelling change BUT only in the NEGATIVE COMMAND. -ar -es BUT W HY? negative command ending (tú)

-car -->-qu__ -gar -->-gu__ -zar -->-c__ sacar --> saco --> sac llegar --> llego --> lleg organizar --> organizo Saca la basura.No saques la basura. Llega a tiempo.No llegues tarde. Organiza tu habitación.No organices nada. affirmative negative

1.Juega afuera. 2.Baila conmigo. 3.Prueba la comida. 4.Empieza tu tarea. 1.No juegues en la casa. 2.No bailes con él. 3.No pruebes la comida. 4.¡No empieces! AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE

tú-form affirmative IRREGULARS: * The following verbs DO NOT follow the pattern of other verbs in the tú-form affirmative: TENERtenDECIRdi VENIRvenSERsé PONERponIRve SALIRsalHACERhaz * *

Put the food on the table. Don't put the food on the floor. Fi ll in the blanks using the verbs in parentheses and replace the italics with an object pronoun. Fe lipe, ____________ (comprar) las frutas en el supermercado y ____________ (poner) en la cocina. ____________ (escuchar) las direcciones y ____________ (seguir).

PRONOUN PLACEMENT * AFFIRMATIVE COMMANDS ~ ATTACH Reflexive and Object pronouns to the end of affirmative commands. * and write accent mark where needed * NEGATIVE COMMANDS ~ Place Reflexive and Object pronouns BETWEEN the word NO and the verb form. write accent mark on third syllable from the end

Buy the milk at the supermarket. (compro -> compr) Compra la leche en el supermercado. Don't buy the milk at the bakery. No compres la leche en la panadería. Buy it at the supermarket. Cómprala en el supermercado. Don't buy it at the bakery. No la compres en la panadería.

3 STEPS to FORMAL COMMANDS: 1 put the verb in yo-form present tense hablar ->hablo 2 drop the -o hablo ->habl 3 add new endings: -ar -er/-ir -e -en-a -an (Ud.) (Uds.)(Ud.)(Uds.)

affirmative commandnegative command (+)(-) tú Ud. Uds. HABLAR -->hablo-->habl

affirmative commandnegative command (+)(-) tú Ud. Uds. VOLVER ---> vuelvo--->vuelv

... the spelling change will occur in all forms for -car, -gar, -zar (except tú-form affirmative). -car -->-qu__ -gar -->-gu__ -zar -->-c__ (+)(-) tú Ud. Uds. sacar

EJEMPLOS: 1.__________ a la izquierda en la calle Poplar Tent. (doblar - Uds.) 2.No __________ demasiado. (comer - tú) 3.Sr. Gómez, no __________ tarde a la reunión. (llegar) 4.Luisa, __________ los platos después de la cena. (lavar) 5.No ____________ el examén todavía. (empezar - Uds.) e->ie

What if there is no -o to drop in the present tense yo-form??? IRREGULAR COMMAND FORMS S SER IIR DDAR EESTAR SSABER *

SER seas seasean IR---- vayas vayavayan DAR des déden ESTAR--- estés estéestén SABER--- sepas sepasepan LOS IRREGULARES (tu-form only irregular in the NEGATIVE command)

PRONOUN PLACEMENT * AFFIRMATIVE COMMANDS ~ ATTACH Reflexive and Object pronouns to the end of affirmative commands. * and write accent mark where needed * NEGATIVE COMMANDS ~ Place Reflexive and Object pronouns BETWEEN the word NO and the verb form. write accent mark on third syllable from the end (review)

reflexive prounouns: menos tese EXAMPLE:lavarse ~ to wash oneself (+)(-) tú lávateno te laves Ud. láveseno se lave Uds. lávenseno se laven * attach pronouns to end of affirmative command ~write accent mark on third syllable from the end * place pronouns BEFORE verb of negative command

Práctica: ____________ las manos antes de comer. (lavarse - tú) No ____________ las manos demasiado. (lavarse - tú) Por favor, _______________ a tiempo. (despertarse - Ud.) e->ie N o ________________ tarde. (despertarse - Ud.) e -> ie __ ____________ los zapatos rápidamente porque tenemos prisa. (ponerse - Uds.) go verb N o ______________ un suéter durante el verano. (ponerse - Uds.)

Más práctica: Give me the money.(Uds./tú) Read it. (the magazine) (Uds.) Listen to us. (Ud./tú) Now write each sentence as a negative command. *

(+)(-) tú Ud. Uds. poner now try ponerse * * tú-form affirmative irregular * go-verb

tú-form commands ~ also known as informal commands To express AFFIRMATIVE informal commands, just drop the -s of the present tense tú-form. Abre la ventana, por favor.(abrir - abres) Open the window please. Limpia tu habitación.(limpiar - limpias) Clean your room. BUT tú-form AFFIRMATIVE follows a different rule...