Chapter 1/ Sec. 2 Theories Teorías
The Classic Theories / Las Teorías Clásicas Psychodynamic Theories / Teorías psicodinámicas: Constructivist Theories / Las teorías constructivistas:
Recent Theories / Teorías Recientes Systems Theories / Sistemas Teorías:
Category: Classic Theory Sub-Category: Psychodynamic Theory Theorist: Erik Erikson Name of theory: Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory
Trust vs. Mistrust: Establish bond w/ trusted caregiver Confianza vs desconfianza Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt: Develop a healthy sense of self, as distinct from others Autonomía vs Vergüenza y Duda Initiative vs. Guilt: Initiate activities in a purposeful way Iniciativa vs Culpa Industry vs. Inferiority: Begin to learn knowledge & skills required of culture Industria vs Inferioridad
Identity vs. Role Confusion: Develop a secure & coherent identity Identidad vs Confusión Papel (Adolescencia) Intimacy vs. Isolation: Establish a committed, long-term love relationship Intimidad vs Aislamiento (principios de la edad adulta) Generativity vs. Stagnation: Care for others & contribute to the well being of the young Generatividad versus estancamiento (la edad adulta intermedia) Ego Integrity vs. Despair: Evaluate lifetime, accept it as it is Ego Integridad vs Desesperación (Más tarde la edad adulta)
Category: Classic Theory Sub-Category: Constructivist Theory Theorist: Jean Piaget Name of theory: Piaget’s Cognitive (Constructivist) Theory
Stages (refer to Table 1.3, p. 24) Sensorimotor (0-2 y/o); Pre-Operational (3-6 y/o); Concrete operational (7-11 y/o); Formal operational (12 to 15 y/o, & up). We will go into detail about the characteristics of each stage, as the semester continues; this is just a preview
Terms Schemes- any action pattern (cognitive structure) for dealing with the environment. Assimilation- new information into our existing schemes. Accommodation- when information does not fit into existing scheme; one changes a scheme to adapt to the new information, which may involve creating a new scheme.
Category: Classic Theory Sub-Category: Constructivist Theory Theorist: Lev Vygotsky Name of theory: Social Constructivist Theory
- Los seres humanos tienen una necesidad y capacidad biológica para el uso de la herramienta y de producción. "Herramientas físicas" = dominar el medio ambiente; "Herramientas psicológicas" comportamiento = maestro
Terms: “ZPD” & Scaffolding ZPD Scaffolding
Category: Recent Theory Sub-Category: Systems Theory Theorist: Urie Bronfenbrenner’s Name of theory: Ecological Systems Theory
Microsystem Interactions in the child’s immediate environment (daily lives).
Mesosystem Exosystem Interactions among various microsystems. Examples: Social settings that have an indirect influence on the child... Examples:
Macrosystem-culture (subculture) values, laws, customs, & economics & government systems (i.e.- U.S. values individual freedom; Iran bases their economic & government on the teachings of Islam) Chronosystem –