Taller de Creatividad y Emprendedores Mtra. Arodí Monserrat Díaz Rocha

Presentación del tema: "Taller de Creatividad y Emprendedores Mtra. Arodí Monserrat Díaz Rocha"— Transcripción de la presentación:

1 Taller de Creatividad y Emprendedores Mtra. Arodí Monserrat Díaz Rocha
Taller de Creatividad y Emprendedores UPSLP

2 Taller de Creatividad y Emprendedores 2011 UPSLP
¿Qué es la creatividad? Consultemos con el diccionario de la RAE… Creatividad Facultad de crear Capacidad de creación. Crear Producir algo de la nada Establecer, fundar, introducir por primera vez una cosa, hacerla nacer o darle vida en sentido figurado. Instituir un nuevo empleo o dignidad. Taller de Creatividad y Emprendedores 2011 UPSLP

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¿Qué es la creatividad? Ahora, consultemos en el internet… Podemos observar las miles de entradas que existen sobre este tema, seleccionaremos solo algunas… Taller de Creatividad y Emprendedores 2011 UPSLP

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¿Qué es la creatividad? Definiciones de Creatividad en la web: Proceso del pensamiento que se considera se desarrolla en el hemisferio derecho del cerebro, que rompe los esquemas lógicos de razonamiento generando ideas y propuestas que constituyen innovaciones y formas diferentes de resolver los problemas Capacidad para desarrollar la creación, invención, innovación… La generación de ideas que da lugar a prácticas de trabajo y/o productos y servicios nuevos o mejorados. La creatividad es la capacidad de producir respuestas originales a cualquier problema. es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creatividad Una actitud o manera de percibir las cosas que involucra el deseo de probar nuevas maneras de hacer algo y el reconocimiento de que hay más de una forma de resolver un problema. Taller de Creatividad y Emprendedores 2011 UPSLP

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¿Y entonces? Defining Creativity There are many aspects to creativity, and it has been explored by a number of theoretical approaches including philosophy, psychology and sociology. From an examination of some recent research reviews of creativity - both generally and in relation specifically to educational and organisational development (Dust 1999, King and Anderson 1995) - it is clear that there is no one definition of creativity that can be agreed upon. Also, not surprisingly, given the problems defining it, the measurement or assessment of creativity also poses many problems. That creativity exists and is a necessary and important part of human activity is generally recognised. It is neither the exclusive preserve of the genius, nor is it limited to specific fields and levels of work. Also creativity is not just a 'quality': it manifests itself at a number of points, and it informs and is part of a process which leads to an outcome. The time dimension of creativity is very important, as it emerges often after a period of mundane, hard, even repetitious work. Sapp 1992 is one of many researchers who point out that time is essential for creativity to flourish and for creative products to be produced. Creativity researchers, mostly from the field of psychology, usually claim that being creative means being novel and appropriate. Subsumed under the appropriateness criterion are qualities of fitness, utility, and value. Without the criterion of appropriateness (i.e. a recognition by others of its fitness/utility/value), novelty can be merely bizarre. Therefore, one way of defining creativity is as playing with the way things are interrelated and demonstrating the ability to generate novel and useful ideas and solutions to everyday problems and challenges. For example George de Mestral noticed how thistle burrs stuck to his trousers on a walk in the woods, and went on to invent Velcro. James Dyson noticed the centrifugal effects of cyclonic air and invented the highly successful bagless vacuum cleaner. Another definition of creativity is the action of combining previously uncombined elements. Gutenberg, for example, created the printing press by combining a winepress with a die-punch. This combining of items which previously were separate is part of the nature of being creative and can be discerned at all levels of activity:- from the eminent to the everyday. ¿Qué es la creatividad? Creatividad, es una abstracción que puede ser todo y nada si no tenemos una definición apropiada. En acepciones más vagas y de lugar común ser creativo es sinónimo de artista, genio o loco, veamos el siguiente ejemplo: ¿artista o loco? Taller de Creatividad y Emprendedores 2011 UPSLP Taller de Creatividad y Emprendedores UPSLP

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Lleguemos pues a una definición a partir de lo que hemos revisado hasta el momento y las siguientes definiciones: Defining Creativity There are many aspects to creativity, and it has been explored by a number of theoretical approaches including philosophy, psychology and sociology. From an examination of some recent research reviews of creativity - both generally and in relation specifically to educational and organisational development (Dust 1999, King and Anderson 1995) - it is clear that there is no one definition of creativity that can be agreed upon. Also, not surprisingly, given the problems defining it, the measurement or assessment of creativity also poses many problems. That creativity exists and is a necessary and important part of human activity is generally recognised. It is neither the exclusive preserve of the genius, nor is it limited to specific fields and levels of work. Also creativity is not just a 'quality': it manifests itself at a number of points, and it informs and is part of a process which leads to an outcome. The time dimension of creativity is very important, as it emerges often after a period of mundane, hard, even repetitious work. Sapp 1992 is one of many researchers who point out that time is essential for creativity to flourish and for creative products to be produced. Creativity researchers, mostly from the field of psychology, usually claim that being creative means being novel and appropriate. Subsumed under the appropriateness criterion are qualities of fitness, utility, and value. Without the criterion of appropriateness (i.e. a recognition by others of its fitness/utility/value), novelty can be merely bizarre. Therefore, one way of defining creativity is as playing with the way things are interrelated and demonstrating the ability to generate novel and useful ideas and solutions to everyday problems and challenges. For example George de Mestral noticed how thistle burrs stuck to his trousers on a walk in the woods, and went on to invent Velcro. James Dyson noticed the centrifugal effects of cyclonic air and invented the highly successful bagless vacuum cleaner. Another definition of creativity is the action of combining previously uncombined elements. Gutenberg, for example, created the printing press by combining a winepress with a die-punch. This combining of items which previously were separate is part of the nature of being creative and can be discerned at all levels of activity:- from the eminent to the everyday. La habilidad de tomar objetos existentes y combinarlos de formas distintas con nuevos propósitos. La habilidad de generar nuevas ideas y soluciones, útiles en los problemas y retos cotidianos. Taller de Creatividad y Emprendedores 2011 UPSLP Taller de Creatividad y Emprendedores UPSLP

7 Taller de Creatividad y Emprendedores 2011 UPSLP
Defining Creativity There are many aspects to creativity, and it has been explored by a number of theoretical approaches including philosophy, psychology and sociology. From an examination of some recent research reviews of creativity - both generally and in relation specifically to educational and organisational development (Dust 1999, King and Anderson 1995) - it is clear that there is no one definition of creativity that can be agreed upon. Also, not surprisingly, given the problems defining it, the measurement or assessment of creativity also poses many problems. That creativity exists and is a necessary and important part of human activity is generally recognised. It is neither the exclusive preserve of the genius, nor is it limited to specific fields and levels of work. Also creativity is not just a 'quality': it manifests itself at a number of points, and it informs and is part of a process which leads to an outcome. The time dimension of creativity is very important, as it emerges often after a period of mundane, hard, even repetitious work. Sapp 1992 is one of many researchers who point out that time is essential for creativity to flourish and for creative products to be produced. Creativity researchers, mostly from the field of psychology, usually claim that being creative means being novel and appropriate. Subsumed under the appropriateness criterion are qualities of fitness, utility, and value. Without the criterion of appropriateness (i.e. a recognition by others of its fitness/utility/value), novelty can be merely bizarre. Therefore, one way of defining creativity is as playing with the way things are interrelated and demonstrating the ability to generate novel and useful ideas and solutions to everyday problems and challenges. For example George de Mestral noticed how thistle burrs stuck to his trousers on a walk in the woods, and went on to invent Velcro. James Dyson noticed the centrifugal effects of cyclonic air and invented the highly successful bagless vacuum cleaner. Another definition of creativity is the action of combining previously uncombined elements. Gutenberg, for example, created the printing press by combining a winepress with a die-punch. This combining of items which previously were separate is part of the nature of being creative and can be discerned at all levels of activity:- from the eminent to the everyday. La Maestra Magdalena Mass, nos sugiere la siguiente definición, que conjuga muchos de los elementos vistos hasta ahora: “[la creatividad] es la capacidad de integrar síntesis abarcadoras, de ‘descubrir’ conocimientos, es decir, de construirlos y no sólo de repetirlos mecánicamente, de poner objetos nuevos o mirar de manera nueva los mismos objetos, de interrogarlos hasta producir o reproducir las fórmulas de descubrimiento”. (Mass, 2000) Taller de Creatividad y Emprendedores 2011 UPSLP Taller de Creatividad y Emprendedores UPSLP

8 ¿Qué se necesita para ser creativo?
Joan Freeman, una reconocida psicóloga británica, señala las siguientes habilidades y actitudes como necesarias para la creatividad: Motivación Conocimientos Oportunidad Estilo de creatividad Coraje para ser creativo Aceptación de la propia personalidad Coraje para ser diferente Whatever the disagreements about definitions, most researchers are in agreement that the essentials for high-level creativity are: motivation knowledge opportunity creative teaching style encouragement to be creative acceptance of one's own personality the courage to be different (Freeman 1998). Taller de Creatividad y Emprendedores 2011 UPSLP Taller de Creatividad y Emprendedores UPSLP

9 Se asocia el ser creativo a:
la capacidad para dar respuesta a situaciones inesperadas; la capacidad para imaginar escenarios posibles; la aptitud para generar e integrar elementos innovadores; el uso inteligente de recursos (memoria, información, experiencia, imaginación); la capacidad de integrar un conocimiento en otro campo del saber (lo transdisciplinario). Taller de Creatividad y Emprendedores 2011 UPSLP

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P´s de la creatividad Persona Proceso Lugar Producto THE 4P's There are three aspects of creativity which have drawn much attention: the person, the process, and the product. Barron (1988) defined creativity as 'a creative product produced by a creative person as a result of a creative process'. Taller de Creatividad y Emprendedores 2011 UPSLP Taller de Creatividad y Emprendedores UPSLP

11 El individuo creativo se acopla a un proceso creativo en un ambiente creativo generando productos creativos. Ambiente Creativo Proceso Creativo Creatividad innata Características individuales Producto However the organisational climate and culture and environment plays such a vital role - particularly in education - that it deserves recognition. Therefore Barron's statement could be re-formulated as follows: 'a creative person engaged in a creative process within a creative environment producing a creative product'. Taller de Creatividad y Emprendedores 2011 UPSLP Taller de Creatividad y Emprendedores UPSLP

12 Sir Ken Robinson ¿Matan las escuelas la creatividad?
Taller de Creatividad y Emprendedores 2011 UPSLP

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Creativo Destreza con el pensamiento creativo Destreza en el dominio de trabajo Motivación intrínseca Whatsoever the collection of characteristics a creative person possesses, according to Amabile's (1983) influential model of creativity, the creative act itself is critically dependent on the following three components working in combination: Skills in creative thinking Finding the problem (essential); choosing and using divergent and convergent reasoning; understanding the nature of the problem and understanding the appropriateness (or not) of the approach, the ideas generated and the outcome. Is it appropriate? Does it work? Is it of utility? Can it be done? Skills in the task domain Knowledge of the area of the task; relevant technical skills; special talents etc. Intrinsic Motivation Amabile's 'Intrinsic Motivation Hypothesis' which states that people will perform more creatively if they are motivated by interest in the activity itself: intrinsic motivation rather than by the promise of rewards or threats of punishments extrinsic motivation. All three components of Amabile's model need to be present. For example an eminent creative thinker in one field e.g. physics, might lack the task-domain skills in a different area e.g. drawing, and therefore would fail to perform creatively notwithstanding high levels of skills in creative thinking and intrinsic motivation. Taller de Creatividad y Emprendedores 2011 UPSLP Taller de Creatividad y Emprendedores UPSLP

14 Características de las personas muy creativas
Muy curiosos, inhibidos, radicales Generan muchas ideas Montones de cuestiones Toman muchos riesgos Campo muy amplio de interés Coleccionistas de cosas inusuales Pensamiento lateral Determinación a tener éxito, tenacidad perseverancia, compromiso con la tarea The Creative Person There has been much research into the characteristics of creative people. A list of the most commonly described characteristics (see Table 1 below) reveals that they are a mixture of attributes and personality traits, 'givens' and things that are acquired. However, whilst they provide a good baseline against which to consider the creative individual, they are not easily measurable. Also the consequences of some of them e.g. unconventionality, challenging authority, originality etc. clearly have the potential to pose challenges to any organisational system that is based on those Classical standbys of order, structure, rules, harmony etc.etc. Taller de Creatividad y Emprendedores 2011 UPSLP Taller de Creatividad y Emprendedores UPSLP

15 Características de las personas muy creativas
Juguetón Intelectual, le gustan los marcos conceptuales, atraído por la novedad y la complejidad Gran sentido del humor (Frecuentemente estrafalario, irreverente, inapropiado) Muy auto-consciente y abierto a lo irracional consigo mismo. Intuitivo / mucha sensibilidad emocional Inconformista, tolera la ambigüedad, acepta el caos, no esta interesado en los detalles. Descrito como “individualista” no le preocupa que se le clasifique como “diferente”, preocupado internamente, necesita tiempo para pensar. No desea aceptar lo que dice la autoridad sin auto-examinar con mucha critica. However, whilst they provide a good baseline against which to consider the creative individual, they are not easily measurable. Also the consequences of some of them e.g. unconventionality, challenging authority, originality etc. clearly have the potential to pose challenges to any organisational system that is based on those Classical standbys of order, structure, rules, harmony etc.etc. Taller de Creatividad y Emprendedores 2011 UPSLP Taller de Creatividad y Emprendedores UPSLP

16 Rasgos negativos de la creatividad
Tiende a cuestionar leyes, reglas y autoridad Indiferente a las convenciones y cortesía usuales Testarudo, no coopera, se resiste a ser dominado. Argumenta que el resto están fuera de onda Discute, es cínico, sarcástico, rebelde. Reclama, es asertivo, autocrático Tiene poco interés en los detalles Descuidado, desorganizado con asuntos poco importantes. Taller de Creatividad y Emprendedores 2011 UPSLP Taller de Creatividad y Emprendedores UPSLP

17 Rasgos negativos de la creatividad
Centrados en ellos mismos, sin tacto e intolerantes Caprichosos Temperamentales, cambios de humor. Emocionales, abandonan, reservados, poco comunicativos. Olvidadizos, mentes ausentes, divagan, miran las ventanas. Hiperactivos física o mentalmente No les gusta pertenecer a organizaciones, clubs, no son jugadores de equipo. Taller de Creatividad y Emprendedores 2011 UPSLP Taller de Creatividad y Emprendedores UPSLP

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Actividades Actividad 1. Elabora tu propia definición de creatividad Actividad 2. Crea tres materias que deberían incluirse en la escuela para no “matar la creatividad”, como lo señalo en su video Sir Ken Robinson. Taller de Creatividad y Emprendedores 2011 UPSLP

19 Referencias bibliográficas
Montesa Andrés, Jose Onofre (2011). Creatividad y Resolución de problemas en T.I., disponible en línea: Hernández de Orefice, Felipa (2011). Creatividad, disponible en línea: Fremman, Joan (1998). Inborn Talent Exists, disponible en línea: Taller de Creatividad y Emprendedores 2011 UPSLP