El subjuntivo Getting in the mood… EL SUBJUNTIVO

You want him to give you the keys. Quieres que él te dé las llaves.

I recommend that you eat the carrot. Te recomiendo que comas la zanahoria.

I’m happy that it is sunny. Estoy feliz que haga sol.

She’s sad that her cat is in the tree. Ella está triste que su gato esté en un árbol.

I doubt that you love me… Dudo que me quieras…

I hope that you get an A on the test. Espero que saques una A en el examen.

I want a girlfriend that would respect me. Quiero una novia que me respete.

I don’t think that Darth Vader is his father… No creo que Darth Vader sea su padre.

It’s important that she lifts weights. Es importante que ella levante pesas.

I’m sad that you guys are breaking up. Estoy triste que ustedes se rompen.

I doubt that pigs can fly. Dudo que los puercos puedan volar.

Using the Spanish Subjunctive

In order to know when to use the Subjunctive in Spanish, we can remember the word WEIRDO.

First, you should understand that the subjunctive ordinarily does not occur by itself. The subjunctive occurs after certain other verbs, called WEIRDO verbs.

Queremos que ustedes vengan a la fiesta. Ella espera que todos saquen buenas notas. Insisto en que me escuches. There are two verbs in each sentence The first verb (in pink) Forces the second verb (in blue) into the subjunctive

Queremos que ustedes vengan a la fiesta. Ella espera que todos saquen buenas notas. Insisto en que me escuches. The first verb (in pink) Forces the second verb (in blue) into the subjunctive PRO TIP The Subjunctive comes after the word QUE

Queremos que ustedes vengan a la fiesta. Ella espera que todos saquen buenas notas. Insisto en que me escuches. PRO TIP The Subjunctive comes after the word QUE

19 La “ Puerta ” al Subjuntivo: Para entrar en la “ puerta, ” se necesitan unas llaves ” importantes: ”WEIRDO” verb 2 different subjects The word “ que ”

Here are the WEIRDO Verbs:

Wishes and Wants are expressed by a number of verbs in Spanish, but here are some of the most common: Querer to want Necesitar to need Esperar to wait Pedir to ask for Desear to desire Preferir to prefer Exigir to demand Mandar to order Insistir to insist

Ana espera que su novio la invite a cenar. Yo prefiero que llames después de las nueve. Nadie quiere que los pobres sufran.

Ana espera que su novio la invite a cenar. Yo prefiero que llames después de las nueve. Nadie quiere que los pobres sufran.

Here are some emotion verbs in Spanish: Alegrarse to be happy Sentir to feel Encantar to be delighted Temer to fear Enojarse to be angry Gustar to like Sorprender to surprise Lamentar to regret Tener miedo to be afraid You can also use Estar + emotion adjectives Estar contento, alegre, triste, desilusionado, etc.

Yo esoty alegre que Laura no tenga problemas. ¿Te gusta que ellos traigan la música? La Sra. Gallejo siente que todos no participen.

Es + adjective phrases are known as impersonal expressions. There are hundreds of them, but here are a few common ones: Es buenoEs malo Es curioso it is goodit is bad it is curious Es necesarioEs triste Es importante it is necessaryit is sad it is important

Es importante que prestes atención. Es necesario que se porten bien en la escuela. Es raro que Elena no quiera explicar.

R is for recommendations, requirements, and requests. Here are some of these verbs: Decir to tell Prohibir to prohibit Rogar to beg Exigir to demand Desear to desire Suplicar to plead Sugerir to suggest Hacer to make / force Recomendar to recommend

¿Recomiendas que yo compre la bicicleta? Yo sugiero que ustedes miren esa película. La profesora dice que hagamos un proyecto.

D is for Doubt and Denial. Here are some of these verbs: Dudar to doubt Negar to deny No creer to not believe No pensar to not think No estar seguro to not be sure No suponer to suppose not

Yo dudo que Marcos venga a tiempo. Amanda niega que salga con Mario. Nosotros no pensamos que ellos hagan las paces.

Ojalá is a Spanish expression which means I wish, I hope, or It would be nice. It comes from Arabic originally where it meant “May God grant.” Others – As you continue your study of Spanish, you will learn more ways that the subjunctive can be used.

Ojalá que haga sol. Ojalá que tengamos suficiente tiempo. Ojalá que haya sillas.

REVIEW W E I R D O

REVIEW W Wishes and Wants

E Emotions

I Impersonal Expressions

R Recommendations Requests Requirements

D Doubts and Denials

O Ojalá

Necesito que tú escuches bien. The first verb (in pink) is the WEIRDO verb. The second verb (in blue) is in the subjunctive The word que holds everything together.

If we are careful to begin with this step, verbs with irregular stems and yo forms will be included and will not be considered irregular in the subjunctive: conocer → conozco The forms of the subjunctive hablocomovivo decir → digo hacer → hago perder → pierdo querer → quiero pedir → pido traer → traigo oír → oigo tener → tengo venir → vengo ver → veo dormir → duermo Step 1: Start with the yo form of the verb in the present tense (this applies to all three conjugations):

The forms of the subjunctive hablcomviv Regla dos : Take off the “o”: Regla tres: Pone terminaciónes opuestos endings: For -ar verbs: Add -er verb endings. habl e es e emos éis en Notice that the first- and third-person singular forms are identical. ooo

The forms of the subjunctive Step 3: Add the “ opposite ” endings: For -er and -ir verbs: Add -ar verb endings to both. com a as a amos áis an viv a as a amos áis an Again, first- and third-person singular forms are identical.

recordar (o  ue) recuerde recuerdes recuerde recordemos recordéis recuerden perder (e  ie) pierda pierdas pierda perdamos perdáis pierdan Remember, however, that stem changes do not apply to nosotros and vosotros forms. The forms of the subjunctive Cambios de raíz de los verbos -ar and –er usa el mismo cambio del presente : OJO NO se cambia en nosotros y vosotros

dormir dormimos dormisteis durmieron dormí dormiste durmió  u duerma duermas duerma durmamos durmáis duerman The forms of the subjunctive Cambios de raíz de los verbos –ir usa los cambios del presente en todos lugares menos nosotros y vosotros. Aquí se usa los cambios del pretérito. The same changes occur in the nosotros and vosotros forms of the subjunctive. These changes occur only in stem-changing -ir verbs.

mentir mentimos mentisteis mintieron mentí mentiste mintió  i mienta mientas mienta mintamos mintáis mientan You may recall the third-person singular and plural changes that occur in the preterit of stem-changing -ir verbs. The forms of the subjunctive

sirvamos sirváis sirvan You may recall the third-person singular and plural changes that occur in the preterit of stem-changing -ir verbs. The forms of the subjunctive servir servimos servisteis sirvieron serví serviste sirvió  i sirva sirvas sirva

-car c  qu The forms of the subjunctive The following spelling changes occur in all forms of the present subjunctive with verbs whose infinitives end in -car, -gar, and -zar. -gar g  gu-zar z  c buscar busque busques busque busquemos busquéis busquen llegar llegue llegues llegue lleguemos lleguéis lleguen empezar empiece empieces empiece empecemos empecéis empiecen

Dar  Ir  Ser  Haber  Estar  Saber  dé, des, dé, demos, deis, den vaya, vayas, vaya, vayamos, vayáis, vayan sea, seas, sea, seamos, seáis, sean haya, hayas, haya, hayamos, hayáis, hayan esté, estés, esté, estemos, estéis, estén sepa, sepas, sepa, sepamos, sepáis, sepan There are only six truly irregular verbs, that is, verbs to which we cannot apply our three-step process. The forms of the subjunctive When listed in the following order, the initial letters of each verb form the acronym DISHES, a useful memory device.