Spanish I 1 st 9 week Part 2

S UBJECT PRONOUNS A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun.

W HAT IS A PRONOUN ? It’s a word used instead of a noun (or a phrase containing a noun) Example: `He', `it', `who', and `anything' are pronouns. When the pronoun is the subject (the person doing the action) of the sentence, it is called a Subject Pronoun. Example: Bob is swimming. He is swimming.

W HAT ARE THE E NGLISH SUBJECT PRONOUNS ? SingularPlural 1 st personIWe 2 nd personYou 3 rd personHe, She, ItThey

E NGLISH SUBJECT PRONOUNS AND THEIR S PANISH EQUIVALENTS Spanish subject pronouns are similar to English, but there are some differences. SingularPlural 1 st person I = Yo We = nosotros (m) Nosotras (f) 2 nd person You (familiar) = tú You (plural, familiar) = vosotros vosotras 3 rd person He = él She = ella You (formal) = Usted (Ud.) They (m) = Ellos They (f) = Ellas You (plural) = Ustedes (Uds.)

T HE FIRST PERSON SINGULAR PRONOUN “YO” “Yo” means “I” and is used in the same way as in English. Yo soy americano. Yo soy estudiante. Note that it is not capitalized unless it starts a sentence: Mi amigo y yo…

S ECOND PERSON SINGULAR PRONOUN T Ú Tú means you (familiar/ informal) Used when talking to someone familiar We’ll learn more about this in a moment.

3 RD PERSON SINGULAR MASCULINE ÉL Él = he It is used when talking ABOUT a boy/guy/man. used in the same way as its English counterpart: Jorge es mexicano. Él es de Guadalajara. DON’T forget the accent mark. If you do, you are actually writing the Spanish word for “the” él = heel = the

3 RD PERSON SINGULAR F EMININE E LLA Ella = she It is used when talking ABOUT a girl/woman. used in the same way as its English counterpart: Rosa es mexicana. Ella es de Acapulco. Please pronounce it correctly. It sounds like (eh-yah) not (el-lah) Remember ll= y sound.

FORMAL YOU U STED (U D.) Usted means you (formal) Used when talking to someone you should respect. Abbreviated Capital U lower case d period. (Ud.) Considered a 3 rd person singular pronoun. We’ll learn more about this pronoun in a moment.

T HE FIRST PERSON PLURAL PRONOUN “N OSOTROS / NOSOTRAS ” Use nosotros/ nosotras to talk about a group of people that includes you. in English we have one word to talk about “we,” but in Spanish, we distinguish between “we” masculine and feminine: Juan: “Mi hermano y yo somos de Argentina. Nosotros somos argentinos.” Juana: “Mi hermana y yo somos de Magnolia. Nosotras somos americanos.” use the masculine pronoun if it refers to a mixed group: Juan: “Mi hermano, mi novia, y yo somos de Argentina. Nosotros somos argentinos.” Juana: “Mi hermana, mis padres, y yo somos de Ecuador. Nosotros ecuatorianos.

3 RD PERSON P LURAL MASCULINE E LLOS Ellos = They (masculine or mixed group) It is used when talking ABOUT a group of boys/guys/men or a mixed group. used in the same way as its English counterpart: Jorge y Pepe son mexicanos. Ellos son de Guadalajara. Jorge y Ana son alumnos. Ellos son amigos también. Please pronounce it correctly. It sounds like (eh-yohs) not (el-lohs) Remember ll= y sound.

3 RD PERSON PLURAL F EMININE E LLAS Ellas = They (feminine) It is used when talking ABOUT a group of only females. used in the same way as its English counterpart: Sofía y Ana son alumnas. Ellas son amigas también. Please pronounce it correctly. It sounds like (eh-yahs) not (el-lahs) Remember ll= y sound.

FORMAL YOU P LURAL U STEDES (U DS.) Abbreviated Capital “U”, lower case “d”, lower case “s” period. (Uds.) Considered a 3 rd person plural pronoun. We’ll learn more about this pronoun in a moment.

YOU, Y OU, AND Y OU In English, there is only one “YOU”. It is singular and plural, masculine and feminine, formal and informal Note: y’all or you all is not standard English, but we will use it to help learn the Spanish forms of “you”. In Spanish there are 5 ways to express “you” tú usted (Ud.) vosotros vosotras ustedes (Uds.)

Let’s look at the singular forms first. Each one has a specific time when it used. If you use the wrong one, it can be offensive to the person with whom you are speaking. D IFFERENCES – YOU: T Ú VS. U STED Tú = you (informal/familiar) Use “tú” when talking to people with whom you are on a first name basis. friends family small children people younger than you pets Usted (Ud.) = you (formal) Use “Usted” when talking with people to whom you should show respect. People in authority (police, teachers, bosses, etc.) Strangers Acquaintances Adults

In Spanish there are three ways to say “all of you” Vosotros Vosotras Ustedes (Uds.) Vosotros/vosotras are the plural forms of tú. Ustedes is the plural form of usted. Vosotros is used when talking to a familiar group of males or a mixed group. Vosotras is the feminine form of vosotros and is used when the entire group is female These two familiar forms are used primarily in Spain. We will not use vosotros/as in class, but you need to be aware of it. D IFFERENCES – Y’ ALL

The plural you form “ustedes (Uds.)” Is used differently in Spain and Latin America. In Spain, vosotros/as is used when talking to an informal group. Uds. is used to address a formal group. In Latin America, Uds. is generally used in both formal and informal situations. (They don’t use vosotros/as) Since we use Latin American Spanish in class, we will only use Uds. to indicate all forms of y’all. D IFFERENCES – Y’ ALL

R EVIEW Yo = I First person singular Not capitalized unless the first word of the sentence Used to talk ABOUT yourself Nosotros/as = we First person plural distinguish between “we” masculine and feminine Used to talk ABOUT yourself and friends Tú = You (singular, informal/familiar) Second person Singular Use it to talk TO a person that is a friend or family member Vosotros/as = You (singular, familiar) Second person Plural Use it to talk TO a group of friends or family members. Third person singular Él = he Don’t forget the accent Use it to talk ABOUT a guy. Ella = she Use it to talk ABOUT a girl. Watch the pronunciation. Ud. = You (singular, formal) Use it to talk TO a person that is due respect. Third person plural Ellos = They (masculine) It is used when talking ABOUT a group of boys/guys/men or a mixed group. Ellas = They (feminine) It is used when talking ABOUT a group of only females. Uds. = You (plural) Use it to talk TO a group of people

Nosotros My friends and I

Él Roberto

Yo I

You (familiar) Tú Talking to a friend

My teachers (mixed) Ellos

Nosotras Paquita y yo (fem)

Nosotros my family and I (masculine)

Ellos The boys

Ellas The volleyball girls

Él Channing

Ella Selena

ellas Las profesoras de español

Ellos Guillermo y Catalina

Ellos Alejandro y Roberto

Ella Graciela

Usted You (formal / polite)

Ellos los maestros de ciencias

Ustedes (vosotros) Carlos, Carmen, and you

Ella Dora

Ellos Jose y Pepita

Él Mr. Smith

Ellas Maria y Margarita

Ustedes (vosotras) Tú (fem) y Patricia

Ellos My aunts and Jose

Nosotros Laura y yo

Nosotras My sisters and I (fem)

Ellos Los perros de Maria

58 Identifying a person or thing

59 el muchacho the boy

60 la muchacha the girl

61 el amigo the friend (m.)

62 la amiga the friend (f.)

63 los amigos the friends (m.)

64 las amigas the friends (m.)

65 los amigos the friends (m.)

66 el alumno the student (m.)

67 la alumna the student (f.)

68 Describing a person

69 alto(a) tall

70 bajo(a) short

71 guapo(a) good-looking

72 bonito(a) pretty

73 lindo(a) pretty

74 feo(a) ugly

75 moreno(a) dark, brunette

76 rubio(a) blonde

77 pelirrojo(a) red headed

78 flaco(a) thin

79 gordo(a) fat

80 gracioso(a) funny

81 cómico(a) funny, comical

82 serio(a) serious

83 ambicioso(a) ambitious

84 perezoso(a) lazy

85 generoso(a) generous

86 simpático(a) nice

Son las siete menos cuarto. ¿Qué hora es?

Es la una en punto. ¿Qué hora es?

Son las diez menos veinte.

¿Qué hora es? Son las tres y media.

¿Qué hora es? Son las dos menos cincuenta y cinco.

Son las dos menos cuarto. ¿Qué hora es?

Son las cinco y diez. ¿Qué hora es?

Son las ocho y cuarto. ¿Qué hora es?

Son las siete menos cinco ¿Qué hora es?

Son las diez y cuarto.

¿Qué hora es? Son las dos menos cuarto.

¿Qué hora es? Son las cinco menos veinticinco.

¿Qué hora es? Es la una y cinco.

¿Qué hora es? Son las doce menos cinco.

5:30 pm 1. 6:15 am 2. 12:00 am 4. ¿Qué hora es? 1. Son las cinco y media de la tarde. 2. Son las seis y cuarto de la mañana. 8:40 pm 3. Son las nueve menos veinte de la noche. 4. Son las doce de la mañana. (Es medianoche)

9:45 am 5. 1:25 pm 6. ¿Qué hora es? 6. Es la una y veinticinco de la tarde. 5. Son las diez menos cuarto de la mañana.