La Gramática de 7.1 Español 3.  In English, you typically use the conditional or the infinitive after expressions of hope, doubt, emotion, or opinion.

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Transcripción de la presentación:

La Gramática de 7.1 Español 3

 In English, you typically use the conditional or the infinitive after expressions of hope, doubt, emotion, or opinion in the past. In Spanish, you use the imperfect subjunctive.  I hoped that everything would turn out well.  Esperaba que todo saliera bien.  His mother wanted him to study more.  Su mamá quería que él estudiara más.

 You already know when to use the present subjunctive!!  UCAWEIRDO + que + present subjunctive

 To express the same ideas in the past, use the imperfect subjunctive.  Expressions of hope, doubt, emotion, or opinion in the past are followed by verbs in the imperfect subjunctive.  To form the imperfect subjunctive, remove the –ron ending from the ellos(as)/ustedes preterite form and add the imperfect subjunctive endings.

 Imperfect Subjunctive Endings…  Yo- ra  Tú- ras  Él, Ella, Usted- ra  Nosotros- ‘ramos  Vosotros- rais  Ellos, Ellas, Ustedes- ran

El pretérito  Ar- aron  Er/Ir- ieron  Los verbos irregulares  Ir/Ser  Dar/Ver  J House- decir, traer, conducir  U House- poner, poder, saber  UV House- estar, andar, tener  I House- hacer, querer, venir  Verbos de cambio (e-i; o-u)  Pedir, servir, (con)seguir, dormir, morir  Last letter of the stem is a vowel  Leer, construir, creer, oír, caerse

 The endings are the same for –ar, -er, and –ir. Note the accent mark in the nosotros(as) form is placed on the vowel immediately before the ending.  El profesor de música quería que nosotros tomáramos parte en el coro.  The music teacher wanted us to take part in the choir.  Yo dudaba que alguien supiera la respuesta correcta.  I doubted that anyone would know the correct answer.

Práctica  Yo quería que Margarita… (pagar) los impuestos.

 pagara

 Margarita quería que Marcos y Daniel… (salir) bien en los exámenes.

 salieran

 Marcos y Daniel querían que tú… (trabajar) de salvavidas.

 trabajaras

 Tú querías que yo… (pedir) empleo en la biblioteca.

 pidiera

 Yo quería que Rebeca y Alonso… (ser) miembros de la sociedad honoraria.

 fueran

 Rebeca y Alonso querían que ustedes… (abrir) una cuenta de ahorros.

 abrieran

 Antonio quería que Juana … (ir) con él a su graduación.

 fuera

 Mis padres esperaban que yo… (traer) mis notas a casa.

 trajera

 El tesorero desaba que el dinero… (ser) para él.

 fuera

 El director del coro esperaba que los estudiantes.. (cantar) bien.

 cantaran

 La directora quería que los padres… (visitar) la escuela.

 visitaran

 Mi vecino recommendó que nosotros… (hacer) una visita guiada.

 hiciéramos

 Mis padres no permitieron que yo.. (salir) después de las diez.

 saliera

 Yo pedí que tú me… (ayudar)

 ayudaras

 Mi madre insistió en que nosotros… (visitar) el centro histórico de la ciudad.

 visitáramos

 Mis padres querían que mi hermano.. (encontrar) un trabajo después de su graduación.

 encontrara

 Nuestros profesores nos recomendaron que… (descansar) mucho antes de la ceremonia.

 descansáramos

 Mi hermano quería que yo… (ir) al centro comercial con él.

 fuera

 Ellos dudaban que todo… (salir) bien.

 saliera

 Elena sugirió que yo… (trabajar) de salvavidas este verano.

 trabajara

 Yo dudaba que Paco… (venir) a la ceremonia de graduació conmigo.

 viniera

 In English, you use the present or past perfect to express a reaction to what has happened, or had happened. In Spanish, you often need to use the present or past perfect subjunctive.  It’s good that Peter has understood.  Es bueno que Peter haya entendido.  They wished he had arrived.  Esperaban que él hubiera llegado.

 In Spanish, the perfect tenses always use a form of the verb haber with the past participle of the main verb. When the subjunctive is required, you must use the subjunctive form of haber.  Use the present perfect subjunctive after a verb in the present tense. You form it with the present subjunctive of haber plus the past participle of the main verb.  Espero que tú hayas decidido redactar el anuario este año.  I hope that you have decided to edit the yearbook for this year.

 Present Subjunctive Conjugations of HABER…  Yo- haya  Tú- hayas  Él, Ella, Usted- haya  Nosotros- hayamos  Vosotros- hayáis  Ellos, Ellas, Ustedes- hayan

 Use the past perfect subjunctive after a verb in the past tense. You form it with the imperfect subjunctive of haber plus the past participle of the main verb.  Paco dudaba que hubiéras trabajado de salvavidas el verano pasado.  Paco doubted that we had worked as lifeguards this summer.

 Imperfect Subjunctive Conjugations of HABER…  Yo- hubiera  Tú- hubieras  Él, Ella, Usted- hubiera  Nosotros- hubiéramos  Vosotros- hubierais  Ellos, Ellas, Ustedes- hubieran

 Es mejor que los atletas no …. (comer) comida chatarra.

 Hayan comido

 Es increíble que que ellos… (dejar de tomar) refrescos.

 Hayan dejado

 Es bueno que nosotros… (perder pesos).

 Hayamos perdido

 Es lógico que mi madre… (reducir) el estrés.

 Haya reducido

 Es interesante que mi hermano… (participar) en otras actividades.

 Haya participado

 Es impresionate que yo … (empezar) a seguir sus consejos.

 Haya empezado.

 Era asombroso que mis abuelos… (construir) su casa.

 Hubieran construido

 Era sorprendente que mi padre… (bailar) muy bien tango.

 Hubiera bailado

 Era impresionante que mis padres… (conocerse) en tercer grado.

 Se hubieran conocido

 Era sorprendente que mi abuelo Pepe… (usar) el código de vestimenta.

 Hubiera usado

 Era admirable que mi abuela… (cantar) en la ópera.

 Hubiera cantado