ESPAÑOL 3 LOS TIEMPOS PERFECTOS

“PERFECT TENSES” Consist of 2 parts/pieces: HELPING Verb + Past Participle of ‘main’ action

IN ENGLISH The perfect tenses in English are formed by using the correct TENSE of the verb “TO HAVE” along with the PAST PARTICIPLE of whatever ‘has happened’ EXAMPLE: We HAVE SEEN this movie 5 times (HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE OF SEE = SEEN)

EN ESPAÑOL The ‘helping verb’ (to have) = HABER The PAST PARTICIPLE = -ar verbs - - -drop AR - - -add ADO (estudiar = estudiado) -er verbs - - -drop ER - - add IDO (comer = comido) -ir verbs - - -drop IR - - -add IDO (recibir = recibido)

IRREGULAR PAST PARTICIPLES Abrir = abierto (opened) Decir = dicho (said) Hacer = hecho (did /made) Escribir = escrito (written) Morir = muerto (died) Poner = puesto (put/placed/set) Romper = roto (broken) Ver = visto (seen) Volver = vuelto (returned) Freír= frito (fried) Cubrir=cubierto (covered) Descubrir=descubie rto (discovered) Satisfacer=satisfech o (satisfied) Devolver=devuelto (returned) Resolver=resuelto (resolved) Imprimir=impreso (printed)

ACCENTO When ‘ido’ follows a vowel, you need to ACCENT the ‘i’ of ‘ido’ to break the dipthong Leer = leído (read) Oír = oído (heard) Caer = caído (fallen) Creer = creído (believed)

THERE ARE 4 ‘PERFECT’ TENSES THE ONLY THING THAT CHANGES IN THE FOUR PERFECT TENSES IS THE TENSE OF THE HELPING VERB – the past participle NEVER changes Present Perfect Past Perfect Future Perfect Conditional Perfect

PRESENTE PERFECTO Action BEGAN in the past, continues to the present PRESENT tense of HABER + past participle !!!REMEMBER – THE ‘H’ IS SILENT

HABER Yo he [I have]nosotros hemos [we have] Tú has [you have]vosotros habéis [you have] Él ha [he has]ellos han [they have] Ella ha [she has]ellas han [they have] Ud ha [you have]Uds han [you have]

EJEMPLO We have seen this movie 3 times = Hemos visto esta película 3 veces. (hemos = present tense form of HABER) (visto = past participle of ‘main’ action – SEEN)

¡A PRACTICAR! I have eaten.= They have sung.= We have driven.= She has put the book here.= You (pl.) have returned it (f).= You (s.,formal) have written a paper.= The student has seen his grade.= Have you worked a lot?= The teenagers have exercised.= My mom has cooked.= Have they printed the book?=

¡A PRACTICAR! I have eaten.= Yo he comido. They have sung.= We have driven.= She has put the book here.= You (pl.) have returned it (f).= You (s.,formal) have written a paper.= The student has seen his grade.= Have you worked a lot?= The teenagers have exercised.= My mom has cooked.= Have they printed the book?=

¡A PRACTICAR! I have eaten.= Yo he comido. They have sung.= Ellos han cantado. We have driven.= She has put the book here.= You (pl.) have returned it (f).= You (s.,formal) have written a paper.= The student has seen his grade.= Have you worked a lot?= The teenagers have exercised.= My mom has cooked.= Have they printed the book?=

¡A PRACTICAR! I have eaten.= Yo he comido. They have sung.= Ellos han cantado. We have driven.=Hemos conducido/manejado. She has put the book here.= You (pl.) have returned it (f).= You (s.,formal) have written a paper.= The student has seen his grade.= Have you worked a lot?= The teenagers have exercised.= My mom has cooked.= Have they printed the book?=

¡A PRACTICAR! I have eaten.= Yo he comido. They have sung.= Ellos han cantado. We have driven.=Hemos conducido/manejado. She has put the book here.=Ella ha puesto el libro aquí. You (pl.) have returned it (f).= You (s.,formal) have written a paper.= The student has seen his grade.= Have you worked a lot?= The teenagers have exercised.= My mom has cooked.= Have they printed the book?=

¡A PRACTICAR! I have eaten.= Yo he comido. They have sung.= Ellos han cantado. We have driven.=Hemos conducido/manejado. She has put the book here.=Ella ha puesto el libro aquí. You (pl.) have returned it (f).=La han/habéis devuelto. You (s.,formal) have written a paper.= The student has seen his grade.= Have you worked a lot?= The teenagers have exercised.= My mom has cooked.= Have they printed the book?=

¡A PRACTICAR! I have eaten.= Yo he comido. They have sung.= Ellos han cantado. We have driven.=Hemos conducido/manejado. She has put the book here.=Ella ha puesto el libro aquí. You (pl.) have returned it (f).=La han/habéis devuelto. You (s.,formal) have written a paper.=Ud. ha escrito un papel. The student has seen his grade.= Have you worked a lot?= The teenagers have exercised.= My mom has cooked.= Have they printed the book?=

¡A PRACTICAR! I have eaten.= Yo he comido. They have sung.= Ellos han cantado. We have driven.=Hemos conducido/manejado. She has put the book here.=Ella ha puesto el libro aquí. You (pl.) have returned it (f).=La han/habéis devuelto. You (s.,formal) have written a paper.=Ud. ha escrito un papel. The student has seen his grade.=El alumno/estudiante ha visto su nota. Have you worked a lot?= The teenagers have exercised.= My mom has cooked.= Have they printed the book?=

¡A PRACTICAR! I have eaten.= Yo he comido. They have sung.= Ellos han cantado. We have driven.=Hemos conducido/manejado. She has put the book here.=Ella ha puesto el libro aquí. You (pl.) have returned it (f).=La han/habéis devuelto. You (s.,formal) have written a paper.=Ud. ha escrito un papel. The student has seen his grade.=El alumno/estudiante ha visto su nota. Have you worked a lot?=¿Has trabajado mucho? The teenagers have exercised.= My mom has cooked.= Have they printed the book?=

¡A PRACTICAR! I have eaten.= Yo he comido. They have sung.= Ellos han cantado. We have driven.=Hemos conducido/manejado. She has put the book here.=Ella ha puesto el libro aquí. You (pl.) have returned it (f).=La han/habéis devuelto. You (s.,formal) have written a paper.=Ud. ha escrito un papel. The student has seen his grade.=El alumno/estudiante ha visto su nota. Have you worked a lot?=¿Has trabajado mucho? The teenagers have exercised.=Los jóvenes han hecho ejercicio. My mom has cooked.= Have they printed the book?=

¡A PRACTICAR! I have eaten.= Yo he comido. They have sung.= Ellos han cantado. We have driven.=Hemos conducido/manejado. She has put the book here.=Ella ha puesto el libro aquí. You (pl.) have returned it (f).=La han/habéis devuelto. You (s.,formal) have written a paper.=Ud. ha escrito un papel. The student has seen his grade.=El alumno/estudiante ha visto su nota. Have you worked a lot?=¿Has trabajado mucho? The teenagers have exercised.=Los jóvenes han hecho ejercicio. My mom has cooked.=Mi mamá ha cocinado. Have they printed the book?=

¡A PRACTICAR! I have eaten.= Yo he comido. They have sung.= Ellos han cantado. We have driven.=Hemos conducido/manejado. She has put the book here.=Ella ha puesto el libro aquí. You (pl.) have returned it (f).=La han/habéis devuelto. You (s.,formal) have written a paper.=Ud. ha escrito un papel. The student has seen his grade.=El alumno/estudiante ha visto su nota. Have you worked a lot?=¿Has trabajado mucho? The teenagers have exercised.=Los jóvenes han hecho ejercicio. My mom has cooked.=Mi mamá ha cocinado. Have they printed the book yet?= ¿Han impreso el libro ya?

PLUSCUAMPERFECTO Past perfect = action began AND ended in PAST IMPERFECT form of HABER + past participle !!! “H” is still silent

HABER Yo había [I had]nosotros habíamos [we had] Tú habías [you had]vosotros habíais [you had] Él había [he had]ellos habían [they had] Ella había [she had]ellas habían [they had] Ud había [you had]Uds habían [you had]

EJEMPLO She had lived in México. Ella había vivido en México (había = pluscuamperfecto of HABER) (vivido = past participle of VIVIR)

FUTURO PERFECTO Future Perfect – action began in the past, continues on to the future FUTURE form of HABER Past participle of ‘main’ action !!!H STILL SILENT

HABER (*IRREGULAR STEM) Yo habré (I will have)Nosotros habremos (we will have) Tú habrás (you will have)Vosotros habréis (you will have) Él habrá (he will have)Ellos habrán (they will have) Ella habrá (she will have)Ellas habrán (they will have) Ud habrá (you will have)Uds habrán (you will have)

EJEMPLO I will have spoken with you. Yo habré hablado contigo [Habré = future form of HABER] [Hablado = past participle of HABLAR]

CONDICIONAL PERFECTO Conditional perfect – action never really began – has with it a sense that it couldn’t happen because the CONDITIONS weren’t right Conditional form of HABER Past Participle of ‘main action’ !!!! “H” still silent

HABER (*IRREGULAR STEM) Yo habría (I would have) Nosotros habríamos (we would have) Tú habrías (you would have) Vosotros habríais (you would have) Él habría (he would have) Ellos habrían (they would have) Ella habría (she would have) Ellas habrían (they would have) Ud habría (you would have) Uds habrían (you would have)

EJEMPLO You would have helped if you could Tú habrías ayudado si pudieras (subjunctive) [Habrías = conditional form of HABER] [Ayudado = past participle of AYUDAR]