Los Pronombres Personales (Subject Pronouns) Singular yo tú él / ella / Ud. Plural nosotros (vosotros)* ellos / ellas / Uds. we, us you guys them, they I, me you (informal he/she you (formal

-ar ending verbs/actions Importante: 1) verbs name the action in a sentence. 2) the form of the verb ending in –ar is called the infinitive of the verb. 3) in Spanish the last two letters of the verb change to tell you who is doing the action: I, he, they, etc. Some infinitives you already know: Ayudar Nadar Cocinar Patinar Dibujar Practicar Estudiar Tocar

Let’s see how this works with “estudiar” / to study Let’s see how this works with “estudiar” / to study. First, drop the –ar from estudiar. Then add the new endings, according to who is doing the action. This process is called CONJUGATING verbs. Yo estudio (I study) Nosotros/Nosotras estudiamos (we study) Tú estudias (you study) Vosotros/Vosotras estudiáis (you all study, in Spain) Ellos Ellas estudian Uds. (They / you all study) El Ella estudia Ud. (he, she, you study)

Cocinar or to cook is also an –ar ending verb Cocinar or to cook is also an –ar ending verb. So the endings will change following the same pattern as estudiar. Remember, first you have to drop the “-ar” from cocinar. Pay attention to who is doing the action. Yo cocino (I cook) Nosotros/Nosotras cocinamos (we cook) Tú cocinas (you cook) Vosotros/Vosotras cocináis (you all cook, in Spain) Ellos Ellas cocinan Uds. (They / you all cook) El Ella cocina Ud. (he, she, you cooks)

Nadar or to swim is also an –ar ending verb Nadar or to swim is also an –ar ending verb. See if you can figure out which endings to add to the action. Remember to pay attention to who is doing the action. For any –ar verb, the endings are always the same for each person or group of persons. Yo nad___ (I swim) Nosotros/Nosotras nad_____ (we swim) Tú nad__ (you swim) Vosotros/Vosotras nad_____ (you all swim, in Spain) Ellos Ellas nad___ Uds. (They / you all swim) El Ella nad__ Ud. (he, she, you swims)

Imagine that you are talking to a person from Puerto Rico Imagine that you are talking to a person from Puerto Rico. Which of the statements below could you use to talk about what you personally do and what you need at school. Necesitamos bolígrafos y hojas de papel. Hablo inglés y español. Tocamos la guitarra en la clase de música. Necesito una mochila. Estudia matemáticas en la mañana. Dibujan en la clase de arte. Escucho a los profesores. Nado en la clase de educación física. Necesitan una calculadora en la clase de matemáticas. Practico deportes.

Did you select these sentences to talk about what you personally did Did you select these sentences to talk about what you personally did? If you did, good job! 2. Hablo inglés y español. 4. Necesito una mochila. 7. Escucho a los profesores. 8. Nado en la clase de educación física. 10. Practico deportes. Now it is you turn to practice with a partner. Open your textbook to p. 75. Work with your compañero. Do practices 4, 5, and 6 on p. 75. Be ready to share your answers with the class, when called upon.

Here are a couple of other helpful tools. Helpful tool #1: Making negative statements. First, to say that someone is not doing an action, just add the word “no” directly in front of the action. Examples: Yo practico deportes. Yo no practico deportes Julio cocina bien. Julio no cocina bien. Now you try it. Nosotros tocamos la guitarra. …. Ellas hablan español. …. Paulina patina mucho. …. Yo dibujo en la clase de música. …… Tú nadas en la clase de arte. ….

Helpful tool #2: Asking questions in Spanish To ask a question in Spanish, one simple technique is to put the subject- the person doing the action- after the action in the sentence, or even at very end of the sentence. You don’t have to worry about does or do in Spanish, just change the word order. Examples: ¿Cocina Juan en la clase de ciencias? ¿Son Uds. perzosos? ¿Dibuja en la clase de ciencias Mariana? Now you try to form some questions following the rule above. Change the following statements into questions. 1. Pablo toca la guitarra. 2. Marisol y Xavier ayudan en casa. 3. Tú eres artístico. 4. Ellos son generosos. 5. La clase de inglés es fácil.

Let’s see how successful you were are forming questions in Spanish. ¿Toca Pablo la guitarra? Or ¿Toca la guitarra Pablo? ¿ Ayudan Marisol y Xavier en casa? Or ¿Ayudan en casa Marisol y Xavier ? ¿ Eres tú artístico? Or ¿Eres artístico tú? ¿ Son ellos generosos? Or ¿Son generosos ellos? ¿ Es la clase de inglés fácil? Or ¿Es fácil la clase de inglés?