Los Mandatos (El Imperativo) Commands (The Imperative)

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Transcripción de la presentación:

Los Mandatos (El Imperativo) Commands (The Imperative)

Commands? Woof? A “command,” or simply the imperative form, is used to tell someone what to do. A “command,” or simply the imperative form, is used to tell someone what to do. Directions, polite requests, etc. Directions, polite requests, etc. Yes, even “Sit! Stay!” Yes, even “Sit! Stay!” Use “por favor;” we’re not animals. Use “por favor;” we’re not animals. What’s the command in the last sentence? What’s the command in the last sentence? Use! Use! In English, it is the verb form without a subject or subject pronoun. In English, it is the verb form without a subject or subject pronoun.

Can we get some examples in English? Please come in. Please come in. Sit down. Sit down. Have a cup of coffee. Have a cup of coffee. Tell Mauve I said ‘hi!’ Tell Mauve I said ‘hi!’ Remember… (yeah, that’s one, too)… it’s the verb all by itself, without a subject or subject pronoun. Remember… (yeah, that’s one, too)… it’s the verb all by itself, without a subject or subject pronoun. The “you” is implied but rarely included. You stop that now! The “you” is implied but rarely included. You stop that now!

Ok, I suppose we should do it in Spanish now… There are three possible people/groups you can be giving instructions TO… There are three possible people/groups you can be giving instructions TO… Usted (Mr./Mrs. Whoever) Usted (Mr./Mrs. Whoever) Ustedes (all o’ y’all’s, peoples, yous guys, and any other abomination you can think of for the plural YOU!) Ustedes (all o’ y’all’s, peoples, yous guys, and any other abomination you can think of for the plural YOU!) Tú (a friend, family member, first-name basis) Tú (a friend, family member, first-name basis) Also, you can tell someone to DO something (affirmative) or NOT TO DO it (negative). Also, you can tell someone to DO something (affirmative) or NOT TO DO it (negative).

Got that? Ud. affirmative or negative Ud. affirmative or negative Uds. affirmative or negative Uds. affirmative or negative Tú affirmative or negative Tú affirmative or negative

One at a time, please! Hable despacio, por favor. Hable despacio, por favor. No hable rapidamente, por favor. No hable rapidamente, por favor. Escriba en la pizarra, por favor. Escriba en la pizarra, por favor. No escriba mucho, por favor. No escriba mucho, por favor. What do you notice? What do you notice? The word “Ud.” is missing. The word “Ud.” is missing. The ending on the verb is not quite what you expected. The ending on the verb is not quite what you expected.

Endings for Ud. Commands AffirmativeNegative -AR verbs -e No …-e -ER/-IR verbs -a No …-a

Samples for Ud. Commands AffirmativeNegative -AR verbs hablarHable. No hable. -ER/-IR verbs escribirEscriba. No escriba.

What about Uds? To make a verb plural (when talking to two or more people), simply add an –n to the Ud. Command! To make a verb plural (when talking to two or more people), simply add an –n to the Ud. Command!

Samples for Uds. Commands AffirmativeNegative -AR verbs hablarHablen. No hablen. -ER/-IR verbs escribirEscriban. No escriban.

This all seems easy enough… For the most part, it is. For the most part, it is. There ARE some verbs that need spelling changes though. There ARE some verbs that need spelling changes though. -car  -que(n) -car  -que(n) -gar  -gue(n) -gar  -gue(n) -zar  -ce(n) -zar  -ce(n)

Ok, Sra. Cardin, you just lost us. No no no, look! No no no, look! -car-gar-zar Buscar (to look for) Llegar (to arrive) Comenzar (to begin) Busque las llaves. Busquen la iglesia. Llegue a las tres. No lleguen tarde. Comience ahora. No comiencen.

Time to try some! 1. Doblar / Ud. 2. Buscar / Uds. 3. Continuar / Ud. 4. Entrar / Uds. 5. Comer / Ud. 6. No correr / Uds. 7. No mirar / Ud. 8. No jugar / Uds. 1. Doble. 2. Busquen. 3. Continue. 4. Entren. 5. Coma. 6. No corran. 7. No mire. 8. No jueguen.

Irregular Ud./Uds. Commands Rule: If the YO form is irregular, the command form will “kinda sorta” match it (with the opposite ending) Rule: If the YO form is irregular, the command form will “kinda sorta” match it (with the opposite ending) tener  yo tengo  Tenga un buen día. tener  yo tengo  Tenga un buen día. hacer  yo hago  Hagan la tarea. hacer  yo hago  Hagan la tarea. ir  yo voy  Vaya a la escuela todos los días. ir  yo voy  Vaya a la escuela todos los días. ser  yo soy  Sean buenos, por favor. ser  yo soy  Sean buenos, por favor.

Lay it on, what are they all?? conducir (to drive) yo conduzco Conduzca. dar (to give) yo doy Dé. / Den decir (to say/tell) yo digo Diga. poner (to put) yo pongo Ponga. salir (to leave) yo salgo Salga. seguir (to follow) yo sigo Siga. traer (to bring) yo traigo Traiga. venir (to come) yo vengo Venga. ver (to see) yo veo Vea.

Time to try some! 1. ver / Ud. 2. poner / Uds. 3. tener / Ud. 4. ser / Uds. 5. venir / Ud. 6. No ir / Uds. 7. No seguir / Ud. 8. No dar / Uds. 1. Vea. 2. Pongan. 3. Tenga. 4. Sean. 5. Venga. 6. No vayan. 7. No siga. 8. No den.

Ok, what about the tú commands? Little different from the Ud./Uds. commands... Little different from the Ud./Uds. commands... Ud./Uds. commands  affirmative & negative are the same form, same spelling Ud./Uds. commands  affirmative & negative are the same form, same spelling hable, no hable.... escriba, no escriba hable, no hable.... escriba, no escriba Tú commands  different forms for affirmative and negative Tú commands  different forms for affirmative and negative

Affirmative Tú Commands Affirmative tú commands tell someone you know to do something. Affirmative tú commands tell someone you know to do something. The form is the same as the 3 rd person singular (él / ella form)! The form is the same as the 3 rd person singular (él / ella form)! ¡Habla conmigo! ¡Habla conmigo! ¡Baila con Esteban! ¡Baila con Esteban! ¡Come cinco hamburguesas! ¡Come cinco hamburguesas! ¡Escribe una carta! ¡Escribe una carta!

Well, that was easy enough. Yup. Yup. Endings? Endings? -AR verbs  -a -AR verbs  -a -ER / -IR verbs  -e -ER / -IR verbs  -e Easy-peasy lemon-squeezy. Easy-peasy lemon-squeezy. That’s a technical term. That’s a technical term.

Give the affirmative tú command 1. hablar 2. cantar 3. pensar 4. trabajar 5. doblar 6. escoger 7. traer 8. comenzar 1. Habla. 2. Canta. 3. Piensa. 4. Trabaja. 5. Dobla. 6. Escoge. 7. Trae. 8. Comienza.

Oh come on, it can’t be THAT easy! Ok, you got me, there are a few irregulars. Ok, you got me, there are a few irregulars.

Irregular Affirmative Tú Commands decir  Di. decir  Di. hacer  Haz. hacer  Haz. ir  Ve. ir  Ve. poner  Pon. poner  Pon. salir  Sal. salir  Sal. ser  Sé. ser  Sé. tener  Ten. tener  Ten. venir  Ven. venir  Ven.

Give the affirmative tú command 1. ganar 2. dar 3. salir 4. tener 5. poner 6. tomar 7. ir 8. decir 9. hacer 10. venir 1. Gana. 2. Da. 3. Sal. 4. Ten. 5. Pon. 6. Toma. 7. Ve. 8. Di. 9. Haz. 10. Ven.

You guys are doing great!

So far we’ve done... Affirmative and negative Ud. commands Affirmative and negative Ud. commands -AR  -e [-car/-gar/-zar  -que/-gue/-ce] -AR  -e [-car/-gar/-zar  -que/-gue/-ce] -ER/-IR  -a -ER/-IR  -a Some verbs with irregular yo forms. Some verbs with irregular yo forms. Affirmative and negative Uds. commands Affirmative and negative Uds. commands Add an –n to the Ud. command! Add an –n to the Ud. command! Affirmative tú commands Affirmative tú commands -AR  -a -AR  -a -ER/-IR  -e -ER/-IR  -e Some irregular verbs Some irregular verbs

The only thing left now is... Negative tú commands: “Don’t do it!” Negative tú commands: “Don’t do it!” The SAME as the Ud. command, with an –s on the end! The SAME as the Ud. command, with an –s on the end!

Negative Tú Commands Negative Ud. Command Negative Tú Command No baile. No bailes. No coma. No comas. No escriba. No escribas. No tenga. No tengas.

And guess what? Any verb that’s irregular in the Ud. command is ALSO irregular in the negative tú command. Any verb that’s irregular in the Ud. command is ALSO irregular in the negative tú command. ALWAYS just add an –s to the Ud. command to get the negative tú command. ALWAYS just add an –s to the Ud. command to get the negative tú command.

Need more examples? doble  No dobles. doble  No dobles. corra  No corras. corra  No corras. escriba  No escribas. escriba  No escribas. busque  No busques. busque  No busques. llegue  No llegues. llegue  No llegues. cruce  No cruces. cruce  No cruces. diga  No digas. diga  No digas. sea  No seas....and we could go on forever. sea  No seas....and we could go on forever.

So to sum up... The negative tú command is the opposite ending with an –s. The negative tú command is the opposite ending with an –s. -AR  No...-es -AR  No...-es -ER/-IR  No...-as -ER/-IR  No...-as anything irregular for Ud. commands is the same anything irregular for Ud. commands is the same salga  no salgas salga  no salgas tenga  no tengas tenga  no tengas practique  no practiques practique  no practiques

Give the negative tú command 1. hablar 2. cantar 3. pensar 4. trabajar 5. doblar 6. escoger 7. traer 8. comenzar 1. No hables. 2. No cantes. 3. No pienses. 4. No trabajes. 5. No dobles. 6. No escojas. 7. No traigas. 8. No comiences.

Keep going! 1. venir 2. poner 3. decir 4. seguir 5. practicar 6. jugar 7. ser 8. ir 1. No vengas. 2. No pongas. 3. No digas. 4. No sigas. 5. No practiques. 6. No juegues. 7. No seas No vayas.

You got this!

Ok, big review... +/- Ud. +/- Uds. + Tú - Tú -AR -e-en-a-es -ER-IR-a-an-e-as irreg.varies add an –n to Ud. form little words add an –s to Ud. form

What about reflexive verbs? Well, here are some examples, you tell me! Well, here are some examples, you tell me! Lávate. /No te laves. Lávate. /No te laves. Despiértate./No te despiertes. Despiértate./No te despiertes. Desayúnate./No te desayunes. Desayúnate./No te desayunes. Vístete./No te vistas. Vístete./No te vistas. Quédate/No te quedes. Quédate/No te quedes. Cállate./No te calles. Cállate./No te calles. Ponte./No te pongas. Ponte./No te pongas. Vete./No te vayas. Vete./No te vayas.

What’s the pattern for Affirmative Commands? Examples with tú forms: Lávate, diviértete, ponte, vete, vístete, relájate, cálmate, cállate, prepárate, etc. Examples with tú forms: Lávate, diviértete, ponte, vete, vístete, relájate, cálmate, cállate, prepárate, etc. Same examples with Ud. forms: Lávese, divértase, póngase, váyase, vístase, relájese, cálmese, cállese, prepárese, etc. Same examples with Ud. forms: Lávese, divértase, póngase, váyase, vístase, relájese, cálmese, cállese, prepárese, etc. Take the command form, and add the reflexive pronoun (te or se) to the end. Take the command form, and add the reflexive pronoun (te or se) to the end. If the resulting word is three syllables or more, place a written accent mark on the stressed syllable. If the resulting word is three syllables or more, place a written accent mark on the stressed syllable.

Take a peek! Ud. Command Uds. Command Tú Command Lávese.Lávense.Lávate. The sample verb is LAVARSE (to wash up). The sample verb is LAVARSE (to wash up).

New Sample! Ud. Command Uds. Command Tú Command Diviértase.Diviértanse.Diviértete. The sample verb is DIVERTIRSE (to have fun). The sample verb is DIVERTIRSE (to have fun).

Ok, not bad... So just take the command and add the te or se. So just take the command and add the te or se. Write an accent mark on the stressed syllable if it’s more than two syllables long. Write an accent mark on the stressed syllable if it’s more than two syllables long. (Ponte, vete, etc. don’t need a mark.) (Ponte, vete, etc. don’t need a mark.)

Give the affirmative tú command 1. vestirse 2. dormirse 3. levantarse 4. desayunarse 5. olvidarse (to forget) 6. quedarse 7. irse 8. ponerse 1. Vístete. 2. Duérmete. 3. Levántate. 4. Desayúnate. 5. Olvídate. 6. Quédate. 7. Vete. 8. Ponte.

Give the affirmative Ud. command 1. vestirse 2. dormirse 3. levantarse 4. desayunarse 5. olvidarse (to forget) 6. quedarse 7. irse 8. ponerse 1. Vístase. 2. Duérmase. 3. Levántese. 4. Desayúnese. 5. Olvídese. 6. Quédese. 7. Váyase. 8. Póngase.

So... what’s the pattern for Negative Commands? Examples with tú forms: No te laves, no te vayas, no te quedes, no te olvides, no te duermas, etc. Examples with tú forms: No te laves, no te vayas, no te quedes, no te olvides, no te duermas, etc. Same examples with Ud. forms: No se lave, no se vaya, no se quede, no se olivide, no se duerma, etc. Same examples with Ud. forms: No se lave, no se vaya, no se quede, no se olivide, no se duerma, etc. The te or se now comes before the command, which is the normal word order anyway. The te or se now comes before the command, which is the normal word order anyway. No need to worry about an accent mark. No need to worry about an accent mark.

That’s easier than the affirmative! Ud. Command Uds. Command Tú Command No se duerma. No se duerman. No te duermas. The sample verb is DORMIRSE (to go to sleep). The sample verb is DORMIRSE (to go to sleep).

How about another? Ud. Command Uds. Command Tú Command No se levante. No se levanten. No te levantes. The sample verb is LEVANTARSE (to get up). The sample verb is LEVANTARSE (to get up).

Give the negative tú command 1. vestirse 2. dormirse 3. levantarse 4. desayunarse 5. olvidarse (to forget) 6. quedarse 7. irse 8. ponerse 1. No te vistas. 2. No te duermas. 3. No te levantes. 4. No te desayunes. 5. No te olvides. 6. No te quedes. 7. No te vayas. 8. No te pongas.

Give the negative Uds. command 1. vestirse 2. dormirse 3. levantarse 4. desayunarse 5. olvidarse (to forget) 6. quedarse 7. irse 8. ponerse 1. No se vistan. 2. No se duerman. 3. No se levanten. 4. No se desayunen. 5. No se olviden. 6. No se queden. 7. No se vayan. 8. No se pongan.

All done!