Un repaso de ESPAÑOL I La gramática  Present tense verbs (AR, ER, IR)  Definite & Indefinite Articles  Personal A  Irregular Verbs  Ser vs. Estar.

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Transcripción de la presentación:

Un repaso de ESPAÑOL I

La gramática  Present tense verbs (AR, ER, IR)  Definite & Indefinite Articles  Personal A  Irregular Verbs  Ser vs. Estar

La gramática (cont)  Possessives  Agreement  Present Progressive  Commands (+ tú) – 8 irregulars!  DOP  IOP

¡Vamos!  How do you conjugate regular ar, er, and ir verbs? HABLARCOMERESCRIBIR

Definite Articles  Definite articles mean “the” and are SPECIFIC. (ie: “the” boy, “the” girl…)  What are they in Spanish? Masc.SingularFem.SingularMasc.PluralFem.Plural

 For masculine objects, use “el” or “los” if the object is plural.  For feminine objects, use “la” or “las” if the object is plural.

Indefinite Articles  Indefinite articles mean “a,” “an,” or “some” and are NON- SPECIFIC. (ie: a horse, some sports)  What are they in Spanish? Masc.SingularFem.SingularMasc.PluralFem.Plural

 For masculine objects, use “un” or “unos” if the object is plural.  For feminine objects, use “una” or “unas” if the object is plural.

Personal “A”  The “personal a” is used to separate a verb from a subject when the subject is:  A person  An important animal

Irregular Verbs  The ONLY verb that does NOT take the “personal a” is TENER.  Yo tengo a dos hermanas simpáticas. tengotenemostienestenéis tienetienen

Conjugate the following verbs:

Ser vs. Estar  What are the differences between ser and estar?  When do you use each? “To be or not to be? That is the question!”

Reasons to use… 1. _____________ 1. __________________ 2. _____________ 2. __________________ 3. _____________ 3. __________________

Possessives What is a possessive adjective? ________________________________________ ________________________. Mi (s) Nuestro (s) Nuestra (s) Tu (s) Su (s) ¡Son mis dulces! ¡Los quiero!

Agreement Nouns and adjectives must agree in ________ and in _________.

Present Progressive 1. CONJUGATE ESTAR TO AGREE WITH YOUR SUBJECT. 3. ADD THE PROGRESSIVE ENDING! AR  ANDO ER/IR  IENDO 2. TAKE THE 2 ND VERB AND CUT OFF THE “AR,” “ER,” OR “IR.”

Let’s try it!  I am walking  (Yo) estoy caminando.  We are playing football.  (Nosotros) estamos jugando al futbol americano.  La Srta. Albright is talking.  __________________________.

Affirmative “tú” Commands ¡Dime la verdad! Escribe, por favor. ¡Escucha la música! ¡Patina conmigo!

How to Form a Command:  Take the “él, ella, Vd.” form of the verb. Mandato –Comer  Timoteo come helado. ¡Come! –Esquiar  A él le gusta esquíar.¡Esquía! –Escribir  Ella escribe en alemén. ¡Escribe!

8 Irregulars There are 8 irregular “tú” commands that you MUST memorize! DecirDiSalirSal IrVe SerSé HacerHaz TenerTen VenirVen PonerPon

Direct Object Pronouns  DOPs answer 2 questions: 1. Who? 2. What?  In a sentence, always UNDERLINE the DOP! MeNosTe Lo, La Los, Las Do you remember the DOPs? Here they are!!

Where to Put Pronouns:

3 Steps to Find the DOP:  Step 1: Underline the subject.  Step 2: Replace subject with the appropriate DOP.  Step 3: Rewrite the sentence.

Let’s Practice! Luisa tiene un muñeco de peluche. (Pregunta: ¿Qué tiene Luisa?) (Contesta: Un muneco de peluche.)  Luisa lo tiene. La doctora está ayudando al niño. (P: ¿La doctora ayuda a quién?) (C: Al niño.)  La doctora lo está ayudando.  La doctora está ayudándolo.

Indirect Object Pronouns  IOPs answer 2 questions: 1. To whom? 2. For whom?  In a sentence, always CIRCLE the IOP! MeNos Te LeLes Do you remember the IOPs? Here they are!!

3 Steps to Find the IOP:  Step 1: Circle the subject.  Step 2: Replace subject with the appropriate IOP.  Step 3: Rewrite the sentence.

Let’s Practice! A ellos Mi novio llama a mí todos los días. (Pregunta: ¿Mi novio llama a quién?) (Contesta:)  Mi novio me llama. Yo estoy escribiendo a mis abuelos en California. (P: ¿Yo escribo a quién en California?) (C: )  Les estoy escribiendo.  Estoy escribiéndoles. A mí.

IOP & DOP When using a DOP and an IOP, which ALWAYS goes first? I’m not sure. What do you guys think???

THE IOP!!!! Una regla importante: You learned in Spanish I that you CAN NOT have lela, lesla, etc. because of the double “l” sound. You would need to replace the “le” with ___.

Let’s try it!! 1. Mi amiga compra el regalo para mí. Step 1: Underline the DOP. Step 2: Circle the IOP. Step 3: Rewrite the sentence putting the IOP first!  Mi amiga lo compra.  What does this mean in English? me

2. Mis padres dan el dinero a nosotros. 2. Mis padres dan el dinero a nosotros. 3. Ricardo contesta la pregunta para mí. 3. Ricardo contesta la pregunta para mí. 4. María hace la cama para su hermana. 4. María hace la cama para su hermana. Don’t forget the 3 steps!

¡El fin!