Www.nordridesign.com The use of the comma. www.nordridesign.com La Coma (, ) Commas are equivalent to a pause when talking. There are rules that we must.

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Transcripción de la presentación:

The use of the comma

La Coma (, ) Commas are equivalent to a pause when talking. There are rules that we must follow when using a comma Some comma rules are the same or similar in Spanish and in English

Regla #1 To separate numbered elements of a series/list Ejemplo: –Los niños cantaban, los hombres bebían, las mujeres aguantaban a ambos. It is NOT placed before the conjunctions when they indicate the last element of a series: –y (e)  and –o (u)  or –ni  nor Ejemplos: –Me encanta cocinar, bailar, escuchar música y jugar con Sasha. –Carlos, Karina e Irma presentaron hoy. –Me gustaría ver los gorilas, elefantes u osos.

Regla #2 When you omit (leave out) a verb that is the same as the previous sentence. Ejemplos: –Los demás estudiantes compraron libros; Mayte, no. (no los compró) –Todos salieron con paquetes; ella, con las manos vacías

Regla #3 To separate expressions like: –efectivamente (really) –esto es (namely) –en realidad (in reality) –no obstante (however) –por consiguiente (consequently) –por ejemplo (for example) –por supuesto (of course) –por ultimo (lastly) –sin embargo (nevertheless) –etc. Ejemplos: –En realidad, es fácil aprender a usar la coma correctamente. NOTE  If the word is at the beginning of the sentence, you use a come AFTER the expression –Creo, sin embargo, que tú debes practicar más. NOTE  If the word is in the middle of the sentence, you use two commas, one BEFORE and one AFTER the expression.

Regla #4 Before the conjunctions that are used to express an exception: –aunque (although) –excepto (except) –menos (except) –pero (but, however) –sino (but, only) Ejemplos: –Ella estudio bastante, pero no pudo sacar una A. –No eligieron presidente del club a Erick, sino a su compadre Jesús. –Yo saco a caminar a Rocco y Sasha todos los días, excepto los martes.

Regla #5 To mark a clarification within a sentence. Use the comma before and after the explanation. Ejemplos: –Mi exnovio, que era muy rico, viajaba constantemente. –Guadalajara, la capital de Jalisco, es la cuna de los mariachis. –Marta, la hermana de Jonathan, tuvo una pelea la semana pasada.

Regla #6 To indicate a call or name a person or thing Ejemplos: –Eso es, chicas, no deben caer en las trampas de los hombres. –¡Luis, ven acá ahora mismo! –Aunque quieras, Jessica, no podrás complacerme.

Regla #7 After a long explanation that is before the subject of the sentence. Ejemplos: –Cuando Cristina se cayó de la silla, su mamá estaba en su cuarto. –Cansado por la larga caminata, el caballo avanzaba despacio –Dudosa por tantas mentiras, ella no quiso creerle más.

Regla #8 To separate a long subject from the rest of the sentence to avoid confusion. Ejemplo: –El que hayas estado tan cerca de mi casa y no me hayas llamado para que nos encontráramos, es inexcusable.