The Present Subjunctive SP4A

The Subjunctive l Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events » Aprendo francés para mi viaje. l Spanish has another way of using verbs called the subjun ctive mood l We use it to say what one person does or doesn’t want, tell, suggest, or recommend someone else to do. l A sentence that includes the subjunctive form has two parts connected by the word que. l For example:

The Subjunctive l Quiero que tú respires lentamente. » I want you to breathe slowly. l Sugiero que bebas agua antes de correr. » I suggest that you drink water before running. You can also suggest more general or impersonal ideas using expressions such as es necesario…es bueno…and es importante…, followed by que and a form of the present subjunctive. l Es necesario que hagas ejercicio. » It’s necessary that you do exercise. l Es importante que los jóvenes coman bien. » It’s important that the young people eat well.

Verbos regulares l To form the present subjunctive we drop the -o of the present- tense indicative yo form and add the subjunctive endings. For -ar verbs: e, es, e, emos, éis, en SALTAR Salto Salt_ Salt + e Salt + emos Salt + es Salt + éis Salt + e Salt + en For -er/-ir verbs: a, as, a, amos, áis, an CONOCER Conozco Conozc_ Conozc + a Conozc + amos Conozc + as Conozc + áis Conozc + a Conozc + an

Irregular -yo form verbs l Irregular verbs that add a “g” to the stem in the present-tense yo form also have a “g” in the present subjunctive. –Caerse me caigo me caiga –Decir digo diga –Hacer hago haga –Poner pongo ponga –Salir salgo salga –Tener tengo tenga –Traer traigo traiga

-car, -gar & -zar verbs l Also verbs ending in –car, -gar, and –zar have a spell change in order to maintain the original sound. » Buscar busco busque » Pagar pago pague » Cruzar cruzo cruce

Verbos irregulares l Memorize this acronym: l DISHES l DDar (dé, des, dé, demos, deis, den) l IIr (vaya, vayas, vaya, vayamos, vayáis, vayan) l SSer (sea, seas, sea, seamos, seáis, sean) l HHaber (haya, hayas, haya, hayamos, hayáis, hayan) l EEstar (esté, estés, esté, estemos, estéis, estén) l SSaber (sepa, sepas, sepan, sepamos, sepáis, sepan)

Verbos con cambio de raíz l You know that stem-changing verbs in the present indicative have a stem-change in all forms except nosotros and vosotros. l Stem-changing verbs ending in -ar and -er have the same stem changes in the subjunctive as in the indicative. AR JUGAR (u > ue) Juegue Juguemos Juegues Juguéis Juegue Jueguen ER PENSAR (e > ie) Piense Pensemos Pienses Penséis Piense Piensen

Stem changing verbs l Other verbs you know that follow these patterns are: » o...ue: contar, poder, volver, costar, probar(se), llover, doler » e…ie: querer, sentarse, calentar, despertar(se), empezar, entender

Stem-changing verbs ending in -ir have changes in all forms of the present subjunctive. PEDIR (e > i) Pida Pidamos Pidas Pidás Pida Pidan DIVERTIRSE (e > ie), (e > I) Me divierta Nos divirtamos Te divertas Os divirtáis Se divierta Se diviertan DORMIR (u > ue), (o > u) Duerma Durmamos Duermas Durmáis Duerma Duerman

Other verbs you know that follow these patterns are: l o...ue: morir l e…ie: sentirse, preferir l e…i: reír, repetir, servir, vestir(se), seguir, conseguir » Es necesario que pidas la llave. » Queremos que se diviertan. » Es bueno que duermas durante el vuelo.