Capítulo 2A Español I

El horario To talk about your classes, use “la clase de” followed by the class name Ex: la clase de matemáticas To talk about what classes you have, use “tengo” before the class. (I have) Ex: Tengo la clase de español en segunda hora. By the end of this chapter, we will be able to talk about our school schedules. In order to do that, we need to talk about the following topics: Vocabulary Ordinal numbers (first, second, third, etc.) Time Subject Pronouns -AR verbs

Números ordinales Ordinal numbers tell the order of objects in a list (first, second, third, etc.) and should be placed between the article and the noun Ex: el segundo estudiante; la tercera chica In Spanish, these will change to match the object they are describing. They must be changed in gender and number! Ex: la quinta clase; los novenos chicos For primero, use primer before a masculine noun Ex: el primer día de clases Primero1 st Segundo2 nd Tercero3 rd Cuarto4 th Quinto5 th Sexto6 th Séptimo7 th Octavo8 th Noveno9 th Décimo10 th

Práctica Translate the following: 1. The seventh girl 2. The ninth dictionary 3. The tenth book 4. The fourth calculator 1. La séptima chica 2. El noveno diccionario 3. El décimo libro 4. La cuarta calculadora

Repaso: la hora The basic unit of time in Spanish is “la hora”, the hour. Since “la hora” is a singular, feminine word, one hour would be “ una hora”, two hours would be “dos horas”. To express the English concept, “What time is it?”, Spanish uses ¿Qué hora es?, or “What hour is it?” To answer in Spanish, you may have to count forward or backward Ex: 8:25 is ocho y veinte y cinco, but 8:35 is nueve menos veinte y cinco.

La hora To talk about the time, you’ll start with one of two phrases: A las (at) Son las (it is) If the number of the time that you are using is una, use a la or es la

La hora To talk about times between (hour):00 and (hour):30, use the hour number, y, and the minute number “Y” is used because you are saying ___ hours and ___ minutes Ex: Son las ocho y veinte. A la una y diez :15 is “y cuarto” and :30 is “y media” Translate the following: It is 7:24. At 12:13. It is 1:08.

Respuestas Son las siete y veinte y cuatro A las doce y trece Es la una y ocho

La hora To talk about times where the minute number is a multiple of 5 past 30 (:35, :40, :45, :50, :55), you will use menos and count backwards For (hour):35 use (hour + 1) menos veinticinco For (hour):40 use (hour + 1) menos veinte For (hour):45 use (hour + 1) menos cuarto For (hour):50 use (hour + 1) menos diez For (hour):55 use (hour + 1) menos cinco For times past :30 that are not multiples of 5, use the y and the number.

La hora Translate the following: My English class is at 1:45 PM. Science class is at 11:35 AM. It is 3:40 PM when (cuando) I am in Math class. History class is at 9:45 AM.

Respuestas Mi clase de inglés es a las dos menos cuarto de la tarde. La clase de ciencias es a las doce menos veinte y cinco de la mañana. Son las cuatro menos veinte de la tarde cuando estoy en la clase de matemáticas. La clase de historia es a las diez menos cuarto de la mañana.

La hora “Special” time words exist for 12:00 AM and 12:00 PM 12:00 AM  la medianoche 12:00 PM  el mediodía For el mediodía, use “al” and “es el” for at and it is

Repaso- la hora Which times have “special” time words for the number? hour:15 would be (hour number) y cuarto hour:30 would be (hour number) y media hour:45 would be (hour number+ 1) menos cuarto When do you use menos? hour:35 would be (hour number+ 1) menos veinte y cinco hour:40 would be (hour number+ 1) menos veinte hour:45 would be (hour number+ 1) menos cuarto hour:50 would be (hour number+ 1) menos diez hour:55 would be (hour number+ 1) menos cinco

Traducir It is 11:20 A.M. At 7:57 P.M. At 5:50 P.M. It is 9:15 P.M. It is midnight. At 1:37 A.M.

Práctica- corregir Fix the following phrases: A las dos menos cinco de la tarde Son las cuatro y cuarto de la mañana A las cinco y media de la tarde A la medianoche Es el mediodía

Respuestas Son las once y veinte de la mañana. A las siete y cincuenta y siete de la noche OR a las ocho menos tres de la noche A las seis menos diez de la tarde Son las nueve y cuarto de la noche. Es la medianoche. A la una y treinta y siete de la mañana OR a las dos menos veinte y tres de la mañana

Pronombres de sujeto Subject pronouns are used to specify who you are talking to or about. They are all either 1 st, 2 nd, or 3 rd person and can be singular or plural 1 st person is used to talk about yourself. In English, the singular form is I and the plural form is we. 2 nd person is used to talk to others. In English, the singular form is you and the plural form is you all. Spanish has 2 forms of you- formal and informal 3 rd person is used to talk about others. In English, the singular forms are he/she and the plural form is they. Spanish has a masculine and a feminine form of they

Pronombres de sujeto Subject pronouns in English I You He, She We They, You all Subject pronouns in Spanish Yo Tú Él, Ella, Usted Nosotros/Nosotras Vosotros/Vosotras Ellos, Ellas, Ustedes

Pronombres de sujeto Spanish has different forms of “you” for singular and plural subjects Tú and Usted are singular Vosotros and Ustedes are plural Spanish has different forms of “you” for familiar and formal uses Tú and Vosotros are familiar and used to talk to peers and people younger than you (people you call by their first name) Usted and Ustedes are formal and used with adults and as a sign of respect (people you call Mr. or Ms.)

Pronombres de sujeto Yo  I Tú  You (familiar, singular) Usted  You (formal, singular) Él  He/him Ella  She/her Nosotros  We (all male or m & f) Nosotras  We (all female) Vosotros  You all(familiar, m or m & f, plural) Vosotras  You all(familiar, all female, plural) Ustedes  You all (formal, plural) Ellos  They, them (all male or m & f) Ellas  (all f)

Pronombres de sujeto When we conjugate, usted is grouped with él and ella, even though it is used to talk about people. Choose the correct subject pronoun for the following people 1. Jorge y Ana 2. Sr. Ocampo 3. Sra. Hoskins y Srta. Anderson 4. Mariana y tú 5. Pablo, Luis, y Josefina 6. Luisa 7. Pepe y yo ellos usted ustedes vosotros ellos ella nosotros

Conjugar verbos de -ar To conjugate a verb, you are going to change it from its infinitive form by dropping the –ar ending and adding a new ending that matches the subject of the sentence. An infinitive is a verb before it has been conjugated (to ….) In English we conjugate verbs too. I run, he runs, we run, they run. A conjugated verb in the present tense can be translated two ways. For example, yo hablo inglés means “I speak English” or “I am speaking English.”

Conjugar verbos de -ar These are the endings that will be used to replace –ar when conjugating –ar verbs: SingularPlural Yo-oNosotros-amos Tú -asVosotros -áis Él/ Ella/ Ud. -a Ellos/ Ellas/ Uds. -an

Conjugar verbos de -ar To conjugate a verb, follow these steps: 1. Drop the –ar(ex: estud-) 2. Determine the subject(ex: vosotros) 3. Change the ending to match the subject(ex; estudiáis) Since the ending usually tells what the subject of the sentence is, the subject doesn’t always have to be in the sentence. It is needed for 3 rd person (él/ella/ud. & ellos/ellas/uds.) only. It can still be used with the other subjects for emphasis or clarification Any nouns that aren’t a person and can have actions (animals or collective nouns) should use the 3 rd person conjugations (singular or plural based on the noun) Collective nouns are nouns that are singular but describe a group- the class, the school, etc.

Práctica Make a verb chart for the following verbs: Estudiar Cantar Enseñar

Estudiar SingularPlural YoestudioNosotros estudiamos Tú estudiasVosotros estudiáis Él/ Ella/ Ud. estudia Ellos/ Ellas/ Uds. estudian

Cantar SingularPlural YocantoNosotroscantamos Tú cantas Vosotros cantáis Él/ Ella/ Ud. canta Ellos/ Ellas/ Uds. cantan

Enseñar SingularPlural YoenseñoNosotrosenseñamos Tú enseñas Vosotros enseñáis Él/ Ella/ Ud. enseña Ellos/ Ellas/ Uds. enseñan

Práctica Conjugate the following verbs based on the subject provided: 1. Estudiar (tú) 2. Usar (ella) 3. Montar (yo) 4. Pasar (vosotros) 5. Trabajar (nosotros) 6. Cantar (ustedes)

Respuestas 1. Estudias 2. Usa 3. Monto 4. Pasáis 5. Trabajamos 6. Cantan