El Subjuntivo Expressing uncertainty …or… I wish I were a millionaire!

Indicative Use when you know something for certain Use when you know something for certain Yo sé que tú compras un coche rojo. Yo sé que tú compras un coche rojo. Use when you make an observation without any doubt Use when you make an observation without any doubt Yo veo que tú estás enfermo. Yo veo que tú estás enfermo. Use any verb or phrase that states a matter of fact or that is without any doubt before an indicative Use any verb or phrase that states a matter of fact or that is without any doubt before an indicative Some are: saber, ver, oír, leer, es cierto que, es sin duda que… Some are: saber, ver, oír, leer, es cierto que, es sin duda que… Es cierto que tienes un coche rojo. Es cierto que tienes un coche rojo.

Subjunctive Use subjunctive when talking about something that is NOT REALITY. Use subjunctive when talking about something that is NOT REALITY. Use to suggest something with doubt or uncertainty. Use to suggest something with doubt or uncertainty. To suggest someone does something, put the action (VERB) in the subjunctive. There is no absolute certainty that he/she will do it. To suggest someone does something, put the action (VERB) in the subjunctive. There is no absolute certainty that he/she will do it. Yo sugiero (suggest) que tú compres un coche rojo. Yo sugiero (suggest) que tú compres un coche rojo. Use the subjunctive because this person may or may not buy the car. Use the subjunctive because this person may or may not buy the car.

Verbs Used to Indicate the Subjunctive Use a verb or a phrase that suggests that someone do something, or says that it is necessary that someone do something Use a verb or a phrase that suggests that someone do something, or says that it is necessary that someone do something Use this verb or phrase followed by a “que” Use this verb or phrase followed by a “que”

Verbs that “Suggest”: Sugerir – to suggest Sugerir – to suggest Decir – to tell Decir – to tell Pedir – to ask for, order Pedir – to ask for, order Insistir – to insist Insistir – to insist Esperar – to hope Esperar – to hope Requirir – to require Requirir – to require AND MORE… AND MORE…

Phrases for Necessity Es necesario que Es necesario que It is necessary that It is necessary that Es importante que Es importante que It is important that It is important that Es mejor que Es mejor que It is better that It is better that AND MORE… AND MORE…

Sentence Structure Subject + Verb or Phrase Indicating a suggestion or necessity + que + different subject + subjunctive verb + the rest of the sentence Subject + Verb or Phrase Indicating a suggestion or necessity + que + different subject + subjunctive verb + the rest of the sentence THERE MUST BE A CHANGE OF SUBJECT!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! THERE MUST BE A CHANGE OF SUBJECT!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! THERE MUST BE A VERB OF WANT/DOUBT/ SUGGESTION/NECESSITY!!!!!!!!! THERE MUST BE A VERB OF WANT/DOUBT/ SUGGESTION/NECESSITY!!!!!!!!! Example: Example: Yo quiero que tú estudies esta noche. Yo quiero que tú estudies esta noche. Although I want you to study, I have no idea if you will or if you won’t. It is not reality. It is just what I want you to do. Although I want you to study, I have no idea if you will or if you won’t. It is not reality. It is just what I want you to do.

Subjunctive Endings Drop the –o in the yo form and add the opposite endings AR AR e-emos e-emos es-éis es-éis e-en e-en Yo/hablar Yo/hablar Hable Hable Ellos/nadar Ellos/nadar Naden Naden ER/IR a-amos as-áis a-an Nosotros/beber Bebamos Usted/tener Tenga

Irregulars Stem changers (Boot Verbs) – still stem change. (Nosotros and Vosotros = e-i, o-u, for –IR verbs) Stem changers (Boot Verbs) – still stem change. (Nosotros and Vosotros = e-i, o-u, for –IR verbs) e-i (pedir, servir) e-i (pedir, servir) e-ie (cerrar) e-ie (cerrar) o-ue (mover, dormir) o-ue (mover, dormir) -car, -gar, -zar – no accent marks on the “e” -car, -gar, -zar – no accent marks on the “e” car – que car – que gar – gue gar – gue zar - ce zar - ce

Irregulars Especiales Especiales Elegir (to elect) – e-i, g-j Elegir (to elect) – e-i, g-j elija elija Conocer (to know) Conocer (to know) conozca conozca Empezar (to begin) – e-ie, zar – ce Empezar (to begin) – e-ie, zar – ce empiece empiece

Irregulars Dar – to give Dar – to give dé-demos dé-demos de-deis de-deis dé-den dé-den Estar – to be Estar – to be esté-estemos esté-estemos estés-estéis estés-estéis esté-estén esté-estén Ir – to go Ir – to go vaya-vayamos vaya-vayamos vayas-vayais vayas-vayais vaya-vayan vaya-vayan Saber – to know sepa- sepamos sepas-sepais sepa-sepan Ser – to be sea-seamos seas- seais sea-sean Ver – to watch,see vea-veamos veas-veais vea-vean