Stem-changing Verbs (u-ue), (e-ie) Stem-changing verbs are verbs where there is the a spelling change in some of the forms of the verb. There is only one verb in Spanish that changes (u-ue).

Jugar (u-ue)– To play (sport, game) Notice that the forms in the shaded sections of the verb chart change (u-ue) but the forms outside the shaded area do not. Also, notice that the shaded sections look like a boot! Sometimes stem- changing verbs are called boot verbs because of this look. Also: When jugar is followed by a sport, use jugar + sport Ex: Yo juego fútbol. Yojuego I play Nosotrosjugamos We play Tújuegas You (fam.) play Vosotros(as)jugáis You all (fam.) play Él/Ella/Ud. juega He/She/You(for.) play Ellos(as)/Uds. juegan They/Youall(for.) play

There are many verbs that change (e-ie). Some of them are:  Cerrar – to close  Comenzar – to start  Empezar – to begin  Entender – to understand  Merendar – to have (eat) a snack  Pensar – to think/plan  Perder – to lose  Preferir – to prefer  Querer – to want

Stem-changing verbs (cont.) The vowel that changes in the verb must be in the stem of the verb. Ex: Preferir has three syllables. Pre – is the prefix -fer- is the stem and – ir is the suffix. Rule: When a verb has three syllables, it is always the middle (or second-to-last syllable) that is the stem. When you have two syllables, it is the first (or second-to-last syllable) that is the stem.

What –e- changes?  Cerrar –  Comenzar –  Empezar –  Entender –  Merendar –  Pensar –  Perder –  Preferir –  Querer –  ce – rrar  co – men – zar  em – pe – zar  en – ten – der  me – ren – dar  pen – sar  per – der  pre – fer – ir  quer – er

Pensar (e-ie) – to think, to plan (when followed by an infinitive) Yo pienso I think/plan Nosotros pensamos We think/plan Tú piensas You (fam.) think/plan Vosotros(as) pensáis You all (fam) think/plan Él/Ella/Ud. piensa He/She thinks/plans You(for.) think/plan Ellos(as)/Uds. piensan They/You all(for.) think/plan Note: When you combine two verbs together, the first verb in conjugated and the second verb is in the infinitive. Ex. Yo pienso jugar tenis. I plan to play tennis.

Yo sé I know Nosotros sabemos We know Tú sabes You (fam.) know Vosotros sabéis You all(fam.) know Él, Ella, Ud. sabe He, She knows, You (for.) know Ellos(as), Uds. saben They, You all(for.) know Saber is used for information and ideas. Also, to say that someone knows how to do something, use saber + (infinitive). Ex. She knows how to swim. Ella sabe nadar.

There are several phrases used to make comparisons in Spanish. With adjectives in between- más... quemore... than menos... queless... than tan... comoas... as Ex. El fútbol americano es más interesante que el fútbol. El tenis es menos divertido que el baloncesto. El fútbol no es tan popular como el fútbol americano. * Notice that divertido agrees with el tenis.

 With verbs or nouns before and after –  más quemore than  menos queless than  tanto comoas much as  Ex. Me gusta correr más que nadar.  Me gusta usar un guante nuevo menos que un bate nuevo.  A él le gusta jugar fútbol tanto como béisbol.

Making Comparisons When followed by a number – más de (#)more than menos de (#)less than Ex. Yo tengo más de tres bates. Yo tengo que trabajar en menos de cinco minutos. Irregulares – There are four irregulars. They are usually used with que or alone. mayor – oldermenor – younger mejor – betterpeor - worse

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