IALA BUOYAGE 1 1 IALA MARITIME BUOYAGE SYSTEM IALA means International Association of Lighthouse Authorities

IALA BUOYAGE 2 2 IALA MARITIME BUOYAGE SYSTEM Two forms of the IALA System : –IALA System “A”-Europe, Africa, and Asia. Green buoys mark the starboard side of a channel in the “A” system. – IALA System “B” -North, Central, and South America, Korea, and the Philippines. Green buoys mark the port side of the channel in system “B”.

IALA BUOYAGE 3 3 IALA REGION

IALA BUOYAGE 4 4 DIRECTION OF BUOYAGE Defined in one of two ways: The general direction - approaching a harbour, river, estuary or other waterway from seaward, or Determined by the appropriate authority. In principle, it follows a clockwise direction around land masses. Is indicated in appropriate nautical documents.

IALA BUOYAGE 5 5 IALA MARITIME BUOYAGE SYSTEM Five types of navigation buoys:  Lateral  Cardinal  Isolated danger  Safe water  Special

IALA BUOYAGE 6 6 LATERAL MARKS

IALA BUOYAGE 7 7 LATERAL MARKS used in conjunction with a conventional direction of buoyage. used for well defined channels. indicate the port and starboard sides of the route to be followed. Where a channel divides, a modified lateral mark may be used to indicate the preferred route. Differ between buoyage regions A and B.

IALA BUOYAGE 8 8 Port hand Marks – Region A Colour : Red Shape (Buoys): Cylindrical (can), pillar or spar Topmark (if any) : Single red cylinder (can) Light (when fitted) Red, any other than composite group flashing (2+1) Retroreflector: Red band or square

IALA BUOYAGE 9 9 Starboard hand Marks – Region A Colour : Green Shape (Buoys): Conical, pillar or spar Topmark (if any) : Single green cone, point upward Light (when fitted): Green, any other than composite group flashing (2+1) Retroreflector: Green band or triangle

IALA BUOYAGE 10 LATERAL MARKS – Region A Port HandStbd Hand ColourRedGreen ShapeCylindrical (can), pillar or spar Conical, pillar or spar Top MarkSingle red cylinder (can) Single green cone, point upward LightRed, any other than composite group flashing (2+1) Green, any other than composite group flashing (2+1) Retro reflector Red band or squareGreen band or triangle

IALA BUOYAGE 11 CARDINAL MARKS

IALA BUOYAGE 12 CARDINAL MARKS The four quadrants (North, East, South and West) are bounded by the true bearings NW-NE, NE-SE, SE-SW, SW-NW, taken from the point of interest. A cardinal mark is named after the quadrant in which it is placed. The name of a cardinal mark indicates that it should be passed to the named side of the mark.

IALA BUOYAGE 13 CARDINAL MARKS Used to: indicate that the deepest water in that area is on the named side of the mark to indicate the safe side on which to pass a danger to draw attention to a feature in a channel such as a bend, a junction, a bifurcation, or the end of a shoal

IALA BUOYAGE 14 North Cardinal mark Colour : Black above yellow Shape (Buoys) : Pillar or spar Topmark (if any) : 2 black cones, points upward Light (when fitted) : White, VQ or Q Retroreflector: Blue above yellow

IALA BUOYAGE 15 East Cardinal mark Colour : Black with single broad horizontal yellow band Shape (Buoys) : Pillar or spar Topmark (if any) : 2 black cones, base to base Light (when fitted) : White, VQ(3) every 5 sec or Q(3) every 10 sec Retroreflector: Two blue band

IALA BUOYAGE 16 South Cardinal mark Colour : Yellow above black Shape (Buoys) : Pillar or spar Topmark (if any) : 2 black cones, points downward Light (when fitted) : White, VQ(6) + long flash every 10 sec or Q(6) + long flash every 15 sec Retroreflector: Yellow above blue

IALA BUOYAGE 17 West Cardinal mark Colour : Yellow with single broad horizontal black band Shape (Buoys) :Pillar or spar Topmark (if any) : 2 black cones, point to point Light (when fitted) : White, VQ(9) every 10 sec or Q(9) every 15 sec Retroreflector: 2 yellow band

IALA BUOYAGE 18 ISOLATED DANGER MARK Mark erected on, or moored on or above, an isolated danger which has navigable water all around it. Colour : Black with one or more horizontal red bands Shape (Buoys) : Pillar or spar Topmark (if any) : 2 black spheres, one above the other Light (when fitted) : White, Group Flashing (2) Retroreflector: Blue above Red band

IALA BUOYAGE 19 SAFE WATER MARKS Indicate that there is navigable water all round the mark; include centre line marks and mid-channel marks. an alternative to a cardinal or a lateral mark to indicate a landfall.

IALA BUOYAGE 20 Safe Water Mark Colour : Red and white vertical stripes Shape (Buoys) : Spherical; pillar or spar with spherical topmark Topmark (if any) : Single red sphere Light (when fitted) : White. Isophase, Occulting, one Long flash every 10 sec or Morse A Retroreflector: Red and White stripes or band

IALA BUOYAGE 21 SPECIAL MARKS Not primarily intended to assist navigation but which indicate a special area or feature. Example: Ocean Data Acquisition Systems (ODAS) marks; Traffic Separation marks Spoil Ground marks; Military Exercise Zone marks; Cable or pipe line marks; Recreation Zone marks.

IALA BUOYAGE 22 SPECIAL MARKS Colour : Yellow Shape (Buoys) : Optional, but not conflicting with navigational marks Topmark (if any) : Single yellow ‘X’ shape Light (when fitted) : Yellow. Any rhythm not used for white lights. Retroreflector: Yellow band or an X Note: If can, cone or spherical shape is used, will indicate which side to pass.

IALA BUOYAGE 23 Preferred channel At the point where a channel divides, when proceeding in the conventional direction of buoyage, a preferred channel may be indicated by modifying Port or Starboard lateral marks.

IALA BUOYAGE 24 Preferred channel to Stbd : Region A Colour : Red with one broad green horizontal band Shape (Buoys) : Cylindrical (can), pillar or spar Topmark (if any) : Single red cylinder (can) Light (when fitted) : Red, Composite group flashing (2+1) Retroreflector: Red band or square

IALA BUOYAGE 25 Preferred channel to Port Region A Colour : Green with one broad red horizontal band Shape (Buoys) : Conical, pillar or spar Topmark (if any) : Single green cone, point upward Light (when fitted) : Green. Composite group flashing (2+1) Retroreflector: Green band or triangle

IALA BUOYAGE 26 Preferred channel TO STBDTO PORT Colour Red with one broad green horizontal band Green with one broad red horizontal band Shape Cylindrical (can), pillar or spar Conical, pillar or spar Top Mark Single red cylinder (can) Single green cone, point upward Light Red, Composite group flashing (2+1) Green. Composite group flashing (2+1) Retro reflector Red band or squareGreen band or triangle

IALA BUOYAGE 27 NEW DANGERS To describe newly discovered hazards not yet shown on charts –naturally occurring obstructions (sandbanks or rocks) –man-made dangers (wrecks).

IALA BUOYAGE 28 NEW DANGERS Marking rules: –In the case of an especially grave danger, one of the marks may be duplicated. – have an appropriate cardinal or lateral V.Qk.FI. or Qk.FI. light character. –A duplicate mark will be identical to its partner in all respects. –A duplicate mark may carry a racon, coded Morse D. –The duplicate mark will be removed when the new danger has been sufficiently promulgated.

IALA BUOYAGE 29 PHASE CHARACTERISTIC Isophase (Iso): This Light has equal duration between light and darkness. A period consists of both a light and a dark interval. Also called Equal Interval (E Int).

IALA BUOYAGE 30 PHASE CHARACTERISTIC Group Flashing (Gp Fl(x+x)): –Combination of two patterns in one period. Example 'Gp Fl(2+3)‘. –the first 2 flashes followed by the pattern of 3 flashes. Occulting (Occ): –Occulting is the opposite of flashing, the light is more on then off.

IALA BUOYAGE 31 The End Thank You.