Present and past simple

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Transcripción de la presentación:

Present and past simple The Passive Voice Present and past simple

Ens és útil? Sí, per què és molt freqüent en la llengua escrita, especialment en textos formals, però també en instruccions i manuals. Sí, per què ens soluciona el problema del ‘se’, una paraula de difícil traducció a l’ anglès i que sovint equival a una passiva. Després es classifiquen els results. Results are classified later.

Com es fa la passiva en present? Prenem una frase que tingui un subjecte, un verb i un complement: Recordem que en present els verbs no tenen terminació especial, excepte la –s en he, she, it. This student collects fossils. Fossils (am, is, are) collected by this student Afegim el participi de passat del verb que toqui. El participis de passat regulars acaben en –ed, com el passat. Si no, són la tercera columna. El subjecte ha d’ anar encapçalat per la preposició ‘by’, mai ‘for’. Com que el verb de la frase original és en present, afegim el verb ‘to be’ en present: am, is, are. En aquest cas: are. Hem posat el complement en primer terme per què volem donar-li importància.

Com es fa la passiva en passat? Prenem una frase que tingui un subjecte, un verb i un complement: Recordem que en passat els verbs acaben en –ed si són regular. Si no, són la 2a columna This student collected fossils. Fossils (was, were) collected by this student Igual que en el present Igual que en el present Com que el verb de la frase original és en passat, afegim el verb ‘to be’ en passat: was, were. En aquest cas: were. Igual que en el present.

Què més cal saber? Cal recordar la correspondència de pronoms subjecte i pronoms objecte. I, you, he, she, it, we you, they Me, you, him her, it, us, you, them He invited Martha Martha was invited by him

Alguna cosa més? Sí, que de vegades no cal acabar la frase dient ‘by…’. Això passa quan el context és prou clar o quan realment no s’ aporta cap informació rellevant. People made these sculptures in the XIIth century These sculptures were made in the XIIth century. No cal dir que les esculptures van ser l’ obra de persones, ‘people’. Qui si no podria haver-ne estat l’ autor?

I per qui vulgui saber més… La passiva no és tan difícil com sembla. Només s’ ha d’ identificar el temps verbal de l’ oració i després traslladar-ho al verb ‘to be’ afegint el participi de passat del verb que toqui. Is doing (present continuous) is being done Was doing (past continuous) was being done Has done (present perfect) has been done Had done (past perfect) had been done Will do (future ‘will’) will be done Will be doing (future cont.) will be being done And so on so forth