Descriptions-nouns el/la muchacho/a boy/girl el/la chico/a the boy/girl el/la niño/a child el/la bebé baby el/la amigo/a friend el/la alumno/a student el/la estudiante student el/la profesor/a teacher la ciudad city

…Descriptions-noun dos mujeres una mujer un hombre dos hombres el/la novio/a girlfriend/boyfriend/fiánce la mujer woman el hombre man dos mujeres una mujer un hombre dos hombres

Descriptions -Adjectives débil weak fuerte strong joven young viejo/a old tímido/a timid/shy tonto/a foolish/stupid simpático/a friendly/pleasant antipático/a unfriendly/mean fácil easy difícil difficult

Descriptions - Adjectives delgado(a)/flaco(a) thin/skinny alto/a tall bajo/a short guapo/a handsome bonito/a pretty lindo/a beautiful feo/a ugly moreno/a dark haired interesante interesting

Descriptions - Adjectives rubio/a blonde pelirojo/a red gordo/a fat gracioso/a funny serio/a serious ambicioso/a ambitious perezoso/a lazy bueno/a good mal bad

Descriptions - Adjectives fantástico/a fantastic sincero/a sincere honesto/a honest generoso/a generous grande large pequeño/a small Los niños son bajos, morenos, y simpáticos

Descriptions – Nationality americano/a American chileno/a Chilian colombiano/a Columbian cubano/a Cuban mexicano/a Mexican Puerto riqueño/a Puerto Rican venezolano/a Venezuelan ***Note that nationalities are not capitalized in Spanish

Questions? ¿quién? who? ¿qué? what? ¿cómo? how? what? ¿de dónde? from where? ¿dónde? where? ¿a dónde? to where? ¿por qué? why? ¿cuándo? when? ¿cuál? which? ¿cuántos/as? how many?

Answers hay there are mucho a lot poco few mismo same bastante somewhat muy very de ninguna manera by no means sí yes no no

La chica es seria - the girl is serious In Spanish everything matches in number and gender – which is why adjectives can end in either – o or – a or can be singular or plural. This is also why there are four ways to say “the” and “a”. The basic rule is that masculine nouns go with masculine adjectives and articles, and feminine nouns go with feminine adjectives and articles. La chica es seria - the girl is serious El chico es serio – the boy is serious Las chicas son serias – the girls are serious Los chicos son serios – the boys are serious

Second, determine the gender of the noun. Is it masculine or feminine? First, determine number…..is it one… singular, or is it more than one…plural? la niña – the child dos niños – two children Second, determine the gender of the noun. Is it masculine or feminine? el niño – the little boy la niña – the little girl

-l, -o, -n, -e, -r, -s -a, -ción, -tad, -tud, -dad All nouns have gender. They are either masculine or feminine. For example, words that end in… -l, -o, -n, -e, -r, -s are usually masculine Words that end in…. -a, -ción, -tad, -tud, -dad are usually feminine The idea that nouns have gender seems perfectly natural when the noun stands for a living creature. This is because in English, living creatures often have different names, depending upon whether they are male or female.

el/los = “the” for masculine nouns la/las = “the” for feminine nouns In Spanish the definite article (el/los, la/las = “the”) is your clue as to whether a noun is masculine or feminine. Remember that because everything must match in # and gender there are four ways to say “the” (masculine singular, masculine plural, feminine singular, feminine plural) el/los = “the” for masculine nouns la/las = “the” for feminine nouns el escritorio = the desk los escritorios = the desks la escuela = the school las escuelas = the schools ***(“el” become “los” when it is plural and “la” becomes “las” when it is plural)

un/unos = “a” for masculine nouns una/unas = “a” for feminine nouns In Spanish the in-definite article (un/unos and una/unas = “a”) must also match the noun it precedes and therefore there are four ways to say “a” (masculine singular, masculine plural, feminine singular, feminine plural) un/unos = “a” for masculine nouns una/unas = “a” for feminine nouns un escritorio = the desk unos escritorios = the desks una escuela = the school unas escuelas = the schools ***(“un” becomes “unos” when it is plural and “una” becomes “unas” when it is plural)

When you learn a new noun, you should also learn its definite article (el, la,… remember that they will change for plural nouns to los, las) There are several reasons for this: You cannot predict the gender of most nouns. One cannot predict the gender of a noun, except in the case of living creatures. Do not try to analyze the nature of the object, looking for some inherent masculinity or femininity. It won't work! Gender of nouns is determined by the “root” of the word only. Not every noun that ends in -o is masculine, and not every noun that ends in -a is feminine. (el mapa – the map is actually masculine) Many nouns end in letters other than -o or -a. The definite article (el, la) is your clue as to whether a noun is masculine or feminine. (el mapa, la foto, el día, el agua)

Now give it a try…fill in with the correct form of “the” el los libros – books libro – book la las casa – house casas – houses los el abuelo - grandfather abuelos - grandfathers las la abuela - grandmother abuelas - grandmothers la las ciudades - cities ciudad - city los el vestidos - dresses vestido - dress la las universidades - universities universidad - university

Now give it a try…fill in with the correct form of “a” un unos libros – books libro – book una unas casa – house casas – houses unos un abuelo - grandfather abuelos - grandfathers unas una abuela - grandmother abuelas - grandmothers una unas ciudades - cities ciudad - city unos un vestidos - dresses vestido - dress una unas universidades - universities universidad - university

In Spanish. Everything must match in number and gender In Spanish. Everything must match in number and gender. The adjectives (descriptions) must match the noun they modify.Use the verb “ser” or “to be” to describe things. La chica es bonita The girl is pretty El chico es guapo The boy is handsome Las chicas son bonitas The girls are pretty Los chicos son guapos The boys are handsome

First, you must know the subjects, or people or things who can complete the action of the verb: we you you all he, she, it they In English, there are 8 different subjects who can complete the action of a verb. For example, the verb “to be” would conjugate as: I am, you are, he/she/it is, we are, you all are, they are Now, try this with any verb, “to speak” for example: I speak, you speak, he/she/it speaks, we speak, you all speak, they speak

In Spanish, the subject pronouns are as follows: I = yo we = nosotros (boys and girls mixed) nosotras = (girls only) you (friendly) = tú (see below for you all) he = él she = ella you (respectful) = usted they = ellos (boys and girls mixed) ellas (girls only) you all (friendly/respectful) = ustedes ***Note, there are two way to say “you” = the friendly form (tú) and the respectful form “usted”. However, there is only one way to say “you all” (either to a group of friends or showing respect, as if speaking to members of the senate), which is “ustedes”

es – he, she, it is, you (formal) are son – they, you all are Yo soy simpático – I am friendly. La chica es bonita – The girl is pretty. ser – to be soy - I am somos – we are eres – you are es – he, she, it is, you (formal) are son – they, you all are

Now you try…. The girls are pretty. Las chicas son bonitas. The man is old El hombre es viejo. I am friendly. Yo soy simpático. You are honest (to a female friend) Tú eres honesta. We are students. Nosotros somos estudiantes.

¿Cómo es el hombre? El hombre es guapo. El hombre es delgado. El hombre es alto.

¿Cómo es la mujer? La mujer es bonita. La mujer es peliroja. La mujer es simpática.

Los niños son pelirojos. ¿Cómo son los niños? Los niños son pelirojos. Los niños son bajos. Los niños son jovenes. (Ellos son los hijos de tu profesora. Son preciosos, ¿No?)

Es una ciudad muy linda. Es grande y es española. ¿Cómo es la ciudad de Madrid? Es una ciudad muy linda. Es grande y es española.

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