Articulaciones También llamadas: articulaciones artrosis

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Transcripción de la presentación:

Articulaciones También llamadas: articulaciones artrosis Donde los huesos se juntan. También llamadas: articulaciones artrosis Imagen cortesía de myyogaonline en flikr

Las articulaciones están clasificadas de dos maneras: 1. Estructuralmente Según el material que mantiene los huesos juntos y si una cavidad común está presente. Structurally – Anatomy --- what it’s made of Functionally – Physiology --- what it does Talk about how each joint can be classified both structurally and functionally and give examples: knee joint - structurally is a synovial joint - functionally is a diarthrotic joint 2. Funcionalmente En base a cuanto movimiento es permitido por la articulación.

Clasificación Estructural de las Articulaciones Fibrosas: los huesos están conectados por un tejido conectivo denso, irregular y rico en fibras de colágeno. Cartilaginosa: los huesos están conectados por un cartílago. Sinovial: en este tipo de articulación los huesos no están unidos directamente, en vez de ello tienen una cavidad sinovial y están unidas por un denso tejido conectivo y de tipo irregular en forma de cápsula articular asociada normalmente con los ligamentos. Fibrous – most are immovable Cartilaginous – are immovable or slightly movable Synovial – most are freely moveable, although 1 type offers little movement

http://artrosisaldia.com/articulaciones-funciones-y-clasificacion/

Clasificación Estructural Fibrosas Sutura Sindesmosis 3. Gomfosis Sutures- joints where bones in skull come together wavy-jagged bone edges ‘interlock’ like puzzle pieces junction is filled by very short CT fibers Syndesmoses – ligaments of dense CT connect bones ex: distal end of tibio-fibular joint (which offers some “give”) Gomphoses – “peg in socket” fibrous joint – articulation of tooth in bony socket Cartilaginous – are immovable or slightly movable Synovial – most are freely moveable, although 1 type offers little movement

Clasificación Estructural Cartilaginosas Sincondrisis 2. Sinfisis Synchondroses – hyaline cartilage connects bones – ex: growth plate (epiphyseal plates in children – which are temporary joints) – immovable ex: costosternal joints Sympheses – articular surfaces of bone covered by articular cartilage (hyaline cartilage) which is fused to an intervening plate of fibrocartilage (acts as shock absorber and allows a little movement): ex: intervertebral joints and pubic symphysis Cartilaginous – are immovable or slightly movable Synovial – most are freely moveable, although 1 type offers little movement

Clasificación Estructural Sinovial Cartílago articular Cápsula fibrosa Membrana sinovial Fluido sinovial Ligamentos Synovial – most are freely moveable, although 1 type offers little movement most numerous type of joint in the body Synovial fluid – consistency of egg white (“ovial – ovum” egg) Most offer lots of movement – the more movement they offer, generally the less stable they are Designed to withstand the wear and tear of two bones moving against each other (what kind of structures would help with friction?) Special structures stabilize joint and prevent wear and tear Articular cartilage – smooth and slippery - hyaline cartilage Joint capsule – outer layer is fibrous and is continuous with periosteum Inner layer - Synovial membrane Synovial membrane also line synovial sheaths and bursae – secrete synovial fluid Synovial fluid Bursae Synovial sheaths (like elongated bursae – tubular – like hot dog bun around hot dog) Ligaments – within the joint capsule or outside the joint capsule Menisci http://www.sabelotodo.org/anatomia/articulaciones.html

Bolsas Sinoviales de la Rodilla Many synovial joints have bursae Saclike structure – synovial membrane – secretes synovial fluid – prevent wear and tear (ex: from tendon over bone) http://www.imgrum.net/user/tumusculo/2907835971/1226392609536029464_2907835971

Many synovial joints have bursae Saclike structure – synovial membrane – secretes synovial fluid – prevent wear and tear (ex: from tendon over bone)

Vainas Sinoviales del Hombro Similar a Bursa Synovial sheaths are like tubular bursae – synovial lined membranes surround long tendons (like a hot dog bun around a hot dog) around tendons in hands and feet Pictured is a synovial sheath around the biceps tendon (what I like about this picture is that it shows how synovial sheaths and bursae are often continuations, or extensions of the synovial membrane in joint capsules)

Clasificación Funcional de las Articulaciones Sinartrosis: articulaciones inamovibles o con poco movimiento. Anfiartrosis: articulaciones semimovibles. Diartrosis: articulaciones movibles libremente. There is a lot of overlap between the structural and functional classification of joints: Thus, looking at the functional list from least movement to most movement above, largely overlaps with fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial respectively (but with a few exceptions) Cartilaginous – are immovable or slightly movable

Articulaciones Diartrosis Pueden ser clasificadas por el número de planos o ejes en los que ocurre el movimiento : Monoaxial – un plano Biaxial – dos planos Triaxial – alrededor de varios ejes (los 3 ejes de movimiento)

Articulaciones Diartrosis The most common joints in the body are diarthrotic – freely moveable joints 6 categories of synovial joints (we’ll take a closer look at the specific structure of each joint as we study the respective area in Kinesiology) – for now, we’re going to take a brief look at the types of joints, their movements and review the # of planes

(Hinge) Articulación en Bisagra Articulación Monoaxial Permiten movimientos limitados. La superficie convexa de un hueso entra en la superficie cóncava de otro hueso. Es monoaxial (extensión y flexión). Ejemplos: articulaciones del codo, tobillo e interfalángicas. Articulación Monoaxial

Articulación Monoaxial (PIVOT) De pivote: Una superficie crónica redondeada o en punta de un hueso se articula dentro de un anillo formado en una parte por un hueso y en otra parte por un ligamento. Realiza rotación (articulación monoaxial). Es responsable de la supinación y pronación de las palmas de las manos y la rotación de la cabeza de un lado a otro. Ejemplos: articulación entre el atlas y el axis y entre los extremos proximales del radio y la ulna. Articulación Monoaxial The most common joints in the body are diarthrotic – freely moveable joints 6 categories of synovial joints (we’ll take a closer look at the specific structure of each joint as we study the respective area in Kinesiology) – for now, we’re going to take a brief look at the types of joints, their movements and review the # of planes

(SADDLE) En silla de montar: La superficie articular de un hueso tiene forma de silla de montar y la superficie articular del otro hueso tiene la forma del jinete sentado en la silla. Es una articulación por encaje recíproco. Es la modificación con movimiento más libre de una articulación elipsoidal. Se mueve de lado a lado y de atrás hacia delante (articulación biaxial). Ejemplo: articulación entre el trapecio del carpo y el metacarpo del pulgar. Articulación Biaxial Saddle – even cowgirls get the blues (big hitchiking thumb)

Articulaciones Diartrosis (CONDYLOID/ELLIPSOIDAL) Elipsoidal: Un cóndilo de forma oval de un hueso se encuentra dentro de una cavidad elíptica de otro hueso. Permite movimiento de lado a lado y de atrás hacia delante (articulación biaxial). Es responsable de la flexión, extensión, abducción, aducción y circunducción de la muñeca. Ejemplo: articulación en la muñeca entre el radio y los huesos carpianos. Articulación Biaxial The most common joints in the body are diarthrotic – freely moveable joints 6 categories of synovial joints (we’ll take a closer look at the specific structure of each joint as we study the respective area in Kinesiology) – for now, we’re going to take a brief look at the types of joints, their movements and review the # of planes

Articulaciones Diartrosis (FLAT)Articulaciones deslizantes: Las superficies articulares son planas. Ejemplos: articulaciones entre los huesos del carpo, huesos del tarso, el esternón con la clavícula y la escápula con la clavícula. Multiaxial – alrededor de muchos ejes The most common joints in the body are diarthrotic – freely moveable joints 6 categories of synovial joints (we’ll take a closer look at the specific structure of each joint as we study the respective area in Kinesiology) – for now, we’re going to take a brief look at the types of joints, their movements and review the # of planes

Multiaxial – alrededor de muchos ejes (BALL & SOCKET) De pelota y receptor (tipo esfera) Consiste de una superficie parecida a una bola de un hueso dentro de una depresión con forma de copa de otro hueso. Permite movimiento triaxial: flexión-extensión, abducción-aducción y rotación-circunducción. Multiaxial – alrededor de muchos ejes The most common joints in the body are diarthrotic – freely moveable joints. Information taken from http://www.ecured.cu/index.php/Articulaciones_sinoviales 6 categories of synovial joints (we’ll take a closer look at the specific structure of each joint as we study the respective area in Kinesiology) – for now, we’re going to take a brief look at the types of joints, their movements and review the # of planes