Capítulo 1—Gramática 1 ser vs. estar.

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Transcripción de la presentación:

Capítulo 1—Gramática 1 ser vs. estar

ser and estar both mean: to be in English

BOP and FLING BOPT is for ser FLING is for estar

BOP = ser Basic descriptions Origen Professions Time

Tiempo Presente (Present Tense) ser yo soy (I am) tú eres (you are) Ud./el/ella es (you are (formal) (he/she is) nosotros(as) somos (we are) Uds./ellos/ellas son (they are) (you are)

Las formas de ser: (pretérito) fui fuiste fue fuimos fueron

Las formas de ser: (imperfecto) era eras éramos eran

FLING = estar Feelings Locations ING in front of -ando, -iendo

Tiempo Presente (Present Tense) estar yo estoy (I am) tú estás (you are) Ud./el/ella está (you are (formal) (he/she is) nosotros(as) estamos (we are) Uds./ellos/ellas están (they are) (you are)

“estar” + gerundio= “-ing” Usos de “estar”: “estar” + gerundio= “-ing” Use a form of estar + gerund To form the gerund… -ar infinitives -er/ir infinitives add + ando + iendo Hablar = hablando comer = comiendo

“estar” + gerundio= “-ing” Usos de “estar”: “estar” + gerundio= “-ing” ejemplo : Están trotando. They are Jogging. ejemplo :Estaban corriendo en el parque. They were running in the park.

Las formas de estar: (pretérito) estuve estuviste estuvo estuvimos estuvieron

Las formas de estar: (imperfecto) estaba estabas estábamos estaban

¿ser o estar? I’m happy now = estar I’m a happy person = ser

¿ser o estar? I’m in Toledo = estar I’m from New York = ser

¿ser o estar? My mom’s a teacher = ser My mom’s tired = estar

Practica ¿Ser o Estar? 1.Juan _____________ en la oficina del Sr. Cantrell. 2. Mi madre no ____________ feliz hoy. 3. ¿Qué hora _______? _____ las dos de la tarde. 4. El carro ___________ muy pequeño. 5. Mi hermano ___________ muy guapo e inteligente.

ser vs. estar—Summarize in your own words before the quiz _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Capítulo 1—Gramática 2 Pronouns

DO the action of the verb Subjects - sujetos DO the action of the verb Ejemplo: Mi tía hace crucrigramas sujeto

Objects (complementos) RECIEVE the action of the verb Mi tia hace crucigramas. sujeto complemento

Subject Pronouns yo (I) nosotros/as (we) tú (you) él, (he) ella, (she) Ud. (you formal) nosotros/as (we) ellos, (they) ellas, (they) Uds. (you all)

Reflexive Pronouns used when speaker does something to him/herself te se nos os se

Reflexive pronouns (ejemplo) Elena se levanta a las ocho cada mañana. Elena gets up at 8:00 each morning.

Reciprocal pronouns Sometimes “se” and “nos” can mean “each other” Nos hablamos.= We talk to each other. Se dicen secretos.= They tell each other secrets.

Direct object pronouns 1-2

What are they? Replace the noun in the sentence I buy the shirt. Instead of: I buy the shirt. I buy it.

In Spanish… Lo, la = it Los, las = them Lo/los (masculine) La/las (feminine)

Todos los complementos directos me nos te lo los la las

Frases I sweep the floor. Barro el piso. Lo barro. I sweep it.

I sweep the floors Barro los pisos. Los barro. I sweep them.

I make the bed. Hago la cama. La hago. I make it.

I make the beds. Hago las camas. Las hago. I make them

Practica

un complimento directo Cambia la frase usando un complimento directo Yo como la comida en la cafetería. Yo __________ como.

Mi hermano lava nuestro carro hoy.

¿Vas a llamar a su novio hoy?. Sí , ______voy a llamar.

Indirect object pronouns 1-2

A. Indirect Objects: Juan le da el regalo a Mary. Tell to whom or for whom something is done. Ex. John gives the gift to Mary. To whom does John give the gift? To Mary therefore, Mary is the indirect object Juan le da el regalo a Mary. I.O.P I.O.

B. Indirect Object Pronouns: me (a mí) to/ for me nos (a nosotros /as) to/for us te (a ti) to/ for you le } (a él) to/for him les } (a ellos) to/for them (a ella) to/ for her (a ellas) (a Ud.) to /for you (a Uds.)

IOP’s : D. To clarify le or les: ex: Le escribo la carta a Juan. C. Accompany or replace indirect object nouns Note: in Spanish the indirect object is expressed twice in the same sentence Ex: Le digo la verdad a Jesus. I tell Jesus the truth. D. To clarify le or les: a + name = a Mary a + noun = a mi prima a + pronoun = a él, ella, ellos, etc. ex: Le escribo la carta a Juan.

D. Position of Indirect Object Pronouns: 1. Come before conjugated verbs Te presto un lapíz. 2. Are attached to infinitives: Voy a prestarte un lapíz. 3. Attached to a gerund: Estoy prestandote un lapíz. *** Remember you can always put them *** directly before the conjugated verb. Te estoy prestando un lapíz.

Repaso de todo: Direct me me me te te te le lo/la se nos nos nos les Reflexive Indirect Direct me te le nos les me te lo/la nos los/las me te se nos

Remember to R-I-D yourself of your doubts Reflexive Indirect Direct

Ejemplos: ¿Me lo trae, por favor? Bring it to me, please Te lo compré. I bought it for you.

Where do pronouns go? 1. Attached to infinitives and positive commands. Voy a traérselas a ella. I’m going to bring them to her. Préstamelo, por favor. Give me it, please

Where do pronouns go? 2. . Before conjugated verbs and negative commands. Me lo dijiste a mi. You said it to me. Chico, no nos lo digas a nosotros. Chico, don’t tell it to us.

Where do pronouns go? 2. Before conjugated verbs and negative commands. Se lo dijiste a él. You said it to him. Chico, no se lo digas. Chico, don’t tell him.