Today, you will… Objectives Create a PowerPoint or Prezi to showcase your chosen state’s history, culture, and geography 8.01 political systems 8.03 events, individuals 8.04 geography 8.06 literacy in S.S. Today, you will…

Be B.R.A.V.E. and Directions READ both articles first Stay focused Work collaboratively and productively with your partner (you should both be working at the same pace!) Do not talk with other groups Take the AR Test individually Be B.R.A.V.E. and

Be B.R.A.V.E. and 3rd Period 6dg93k 9th Period h8buik Directions Make a PowerPoint or Prezi – upload the PowerPoint or paste the Prezi link to Edmodo Post to Edmodo: 2nd Period 2py2c9 3rd Period 6dg93k 9th Period h8buik Be B.R.A.V.E. and

Objective: To examine the causes of the Spanish – American War. The Battleship Maine

Pan-American Union – a group of nations organized to solve the problems of the Western Hemisphere

War With Spain Lola Rodríguez de Tió – Puerto Rican poet that wrote patriotic poems in favor of Puerto Rican and Cuban independence from Spain

Audio: as sung by Graciela Rivera Puerto Rican National Anthem: La Borinqueña, by Manuel Fernández Juncos Audio: as sung by Graciela Rivera La tierra de Borinquen donde he nacido yo es un jardín florido de mágico primor. Un cielo siempre nítido le sirve de dosel y dan arrullos plácidos las olas a sus pies. Cuando a sus playas llegó Colón exclamó lleno de admiración, "¡Oh! Esta es la linda tierra que busco yo". Es Borinquen, la hija, la hija del mar y el sol del mar y el sol, del mar y el sol del mar y el sol, del mar y el sol. The land of Borinquen, where I was born, is a flower-garden of magical brilliance. An ever-clear sky is its canopy, and the waves sing lullabies at its feet. When Columbus reached these beaches, full of awe he exclaimed, "Oh! this is the lovely land that I seek." Borinquen is the daughter of the sea and the sun. the sea and the sun. the sea and the sun. the sea and the sun. the sea and the sun.

La Borinqueña, by Lola Rodríguez de Tió The poem “La Borinqueña” was originally written by Lola Rodriguez de Tió in 1868. However, the Puerto Rican government thought the lyrics were too revolutionary to be used for the national anthem. Therefore, alternative lyrics written by Manuel Fernández Juncos were later used. Here is the original poem, along with the English translation. La Borinqueña, by Lola Rodríguez de Tió          Despierta, borinqueño que han dado la señal! Despierta de ese sueño que es hora de luchar! A ese llamar patriótico no arde tu corazón? Ven! Nos será simpático el ruido del cañon. Arise, Puerto Rican! the call to arms has sounded! Awake from this dream, it is time to fight! Doesn't this patriotic call set your heart alight? Come! We are in tune with the roar of the cannon.

Mira, ya el cubano libre será; le dará el machete su libertad Mira, ya el cubano libre será; le dará el machete su libertad... le dará el machete su libertad. Ya el tambor guerrero dice en su son, que es la manigua el sitio, el sitio de la reunión, de la reunión, de la reunión. El Grito de Lares Come, the Cuban will soon be free; the machete will give him his liberty... the machete will give him his liberty. Now the war drum says with its sound, that the jungle is the place of the meeting, of the meeting... of the meeting.

se ha de repetir, y entonces sabremos vencer o morir se ha de repetir, y entonces sabremos vencer o morir. Bellísima Borinquen, a Cuba hay que seguir; tu tienes bravos hijos que quieren combatir. ya por mas tiempo impávido no podemos estar, ya no queremos, tímidos dejarnos subyugar. The Cry of Lares must be repeated, and then we will know: victory or death. Beautiful Puerto Rico must follow Cuba; you have brave sons who wish to fight. Now, no longer can we be unmoved; now we do not want timidly to let them subjugate us.

Nosotros queremos ser libre ya, y nuestro machete afilado esta y nuestro machete afilado esta. Por que entonces, nosotros hemos de estar, tan dormidos y sordos y sordos a esa señal? a esa senil, a esa senil? We want to be free now, and our machete has been sharpened... and our machete has been sharpened. Why then have we been so sleepy and deaf and deaf to the call? There is no need to fear, Puerto Ricans, the roar of the cannon; saving the nation is the duty of the heart. No hay que temer, riquenos al ruido del canon, que salvar a la patria es deber del corazón!

ya no queremos déspotas, caiga el tirano ya, las mujeres indómitas también sabrán luchar. Nosotros queremos la libertad, y nuestros machetes nos la dará... y nuestro machete nos la dará. Vámonos, borinqueños, vámonos ya, que nos espera ansiosa, ansiosa la libertad. La libertad, la libertad! We no longer want despots, tyranny shall fall now; the unconquerable women also will know how to fight. We want liberty, and our machetes will give it to us... and our machete will give it to us. Come, Puerto Ricans, come now, since freedom awaits us anxiously, anxiously freedom. freedom! freedom!

José Martí - Cuban patriot that wrote about the need for Cuban independence. He died fighting the Spanish in 1895. José Martí - 1875 Listen to La Guantanamera, Cuba's most famous song, based upon Jose Martí's poem Versos Sencillos.

José Martí - Quotations On Liberty: “Like bones to the human body, the axle to the wheel, the wing to the bird, and the air to the wing, so is liberty the essence of life. Whatever is done without it is imperfect.” On Morality and Human Behavior: “Just as he who gives his life to serve a great idea is admirable, he who avails himself of a great idea to serve his personal hopes of glory and power is abominable, even if he too risks his life. To give one's life is a right only when one gives it unselfishly.”

General Valeriano Weyler – Spanish governor of Cuba that used brutal tactics against the Cubans. He was responsible for detaining over 500,000 Cubans and killing over 100,000. * Americans sympathized with the Cuban desire for freedom.

Yellow Journalism - Joseph Pulitzer’s World and William Randolph Hearst’s Journal competed to publish the most grisly stories of Spanish cruelty. (left) Joseph Pulitzer and (right) William Randolph Hearst

Examples of Yellow Journalism: bold headlines and articles

· political cartoons that portrayed the Spanish as bloodthirsty.

· Joseph Pulitzer once stated, “You supply me the photos, I’ll supply you the war.”

- President McKinley, however, wanted to avoid war with Spain.

Remember the Maine! · President McKinley sent the battleship Maine to Cuba to protect American citizens and property.

· An explosion destroyed the Maine killing 260 U.S. sailors.

· Spain was accused of destroying the Maine, even though it has never been proven. · On April 25, 1898, Congress declared war on Spain. Roosevelt Fights in Spanish American War (3:20) Video - wreckage of the battleship Maine Video - burial of the Maine victims

Audio