Control en cascada.

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Transcripción de la presentación:

Control en cascada

Control en cascada El control en cascada es una estrategia que mejora significativamente, en algunas aplicaciones, el desempeño que muestra un control por retroalimentación y que ha sido conocida desde hace algún tiempo. Los computadores permiten la implementación de controles en cascada que son más simples, más seguros y menos costosos que los que pueden obtenerse mediante el uso de instrumentación análoga. Por lo tanto, la disponibilidad de los computadores ha facilitado que el control en cascada se implemente ahora mucho más que antes, cuando solo se utilizaba la instrumentación análoga.

ESQUEMAS DE CONTROL EN CASCADA Una primera extensión del esquema de retroalimentación sencillo consiste en añadir un nuevo lazo de retroalimentación contenido dentro del lazo original que regule el comportamiento de alguna variable intermedia en el proceso. El principal propósito de este nuevo esquema es eliminar los efectos de perturbaciones menores haciendo la respuesta de regulación del sistema más estable y más rápida.

Control Un sistema de control en cascada es un sistema de circuito múltiple donde la variable controlada es la principal mediante el ajuste de la consigna de un controlador de variables secundarias relacionadas. The secondary variable then affects the primary variable through the process. La variable secundaria a su vez afecta la variable principal en el proceso. The primary objective in cascade control is to divide an otherwise difficult to control process into two portions, whereby a secondary control loop is formed around a major disturbances thus leaving only minor disturbances to be controlled by the primary controller. El objetivo principal de control en cascada consiste en dividir un contrario difícil el control del proceso en dos partes, por el que un lazo de control secundario se forma en torno a un perturbaciones importantes dejando sólo alteraciones menores a ser controlado por el controlador principal.

Control en cascada El uso de control en cascada se describe en muchos textos sobre las aplicaciones de control de procesos. The advantages of cascade control are all somewhat interrelated . Las ventajas del control en cascada son un poco entre sí. They include: Ellos incluyen: Better control of the primary variable Mejor control de la variable primaria Primary variable less affected by disturbances variable primaria menos afectada por los disturbios Faster recovery from disturbances Una recuperación más rápida de las perturbaciones Increase the natural frequency of the system Aumentar la frecuencia natural del sistema Reduce the effective magnitude of a time-lag Reducir la magnitud efectiva de un lapso de tiempo Improve dynamic performance Mejorar el rendimiento dinámico Provide limits on the secondary variable Proporcionar los límites de la variable secundaria

Control en cascada control en cascada es más ventajosa en aplicaciones en las que el lazo cerrado secundarios pueden incluir la gran perturbación y el retraso de segundo orden y el retraso de las principales se incluye sólo en el circuito primario. The secondary loop should be established in an area where the major disturbance occurs. El circuito secundario debe establecerse en una zona donde se produce la alteración importante. It is also important that the secondary variable respond to the disturbance. También es importante que la variable secundaria responder a las perturbaciones. If the slave loop is controlling flow and the disturbance is in the heat content of the fluid, obviously the flow controller will not correct for this disturbance. Si el lazo esclavo es el flujo de control y la alteración es en el contenido de calor del fluido, obviamente, el controlador de flujo no será correcto para este trastorno. There is only one master controller and usually only one slave controller and only one manipulated variable. Sólo hay un regulador principal y por lo general sólo un controlador de esclavos y una sola variable manipulada. See Figure 1 (a), (b), and (c). Véase la figura 1 (a), (b) y (c). However, some applications can benefit from the use of more than one slave controller. Sin embargo, algunas aplicaciones pueden beneficiarse de la utilización de un controlador de esclavos que más. There will be a separate secondary variable and manipulated variable associated with each slave controller in the system if the slave loops are in parallel as shown in Figure 1 (d). Habrá un segundo variable independiente y variables manipuladas asociadas a cada controlador de esclavos en el sistema si los lazos de esclavos están en paralelo como se muestra en la Figura 1 (d). Another configuration, shown in Figure 1(e), is the operating of a cascade system with two slave loops in series. Otra configuración, que se muestra en la Figura 1 (e), es el funcionamiento de un sistema de cascada con dos bucles de esclavos en serie.

Control en cascada