Los Pronombres relativos Relative pronouns. Relative pronouns are words that:  Connect ideas within one sentence  Most frequently refer back to a noun.

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Los Pronombres relativos Relative pronouns

Relative pronouns are words that:  Connect ideas within one sentence  Most frequently refer back to a noun or an idea that has already been mentioned  Make communication more efficient and fluid (not so much repetition)

English has 4 principal relative pronouns: that, which, who, and whom. Spanish has quite a few but we will focus on: que, quien(es), and lo que. Example:  I see a doctor. She is from Venezuela. Veo a una médica. Ella es de Venezuela.  I see a doctor who is from Venezuela. Veo a una médica que es de Venezuela

Que/quien(es) vs. ¿qué?/¿quién(es)?  The relative pronouns que and quien(es) sound like the interrogative words ¿qué? and ¿quién(es)?, but they are not the same.  The relative pronouns link words within a sentence.  The question words ask questions and always have an accent mark to distinguish them from relative pronouns in writing. ¿Qué es eso? Es una cosa que sirve para ver mejor. ¿Quién es? Es el chico a quien conocí en el bus.

que = that, which, who (cannot be used after a preposition)  Some Spanish prepositions: a - to, atdesde - from, sincedetrás de - behind ante - before, in the presence ofen - in, on, atsegún - according to bajo - underentre - between, amongsin - without con - withhacia - until, towardsobre - about, on, upon, above, over, around contra - againsthasta - until, towardtras - after, behind de - of, frompor - for, bypara - for, in order to

Examples using que:  Tuve una cita con el medico que duró una hora. I had a appointment with the doctor that lasted an hour.  Es un buen médico que tiene mucha experiencia. He is a good doctor who has a lot of experience.

Quien, quienes = who(m)  Quien and quienes can only refer to people and are almost always used after a preposition. Examples:  La mujer con quien hablaba es mi médica. The woman I was speaking with is my doctor.  Las enfermeras a quienes les dimos las flores cuidaron a mi padre. The nurses we gave the flowers to took care of my dad.

Lo que=what, that which  Lo que refers to a whole situation or idea. It can refer to something that has been mentioned before or to something that will be referred to later in the sentence. (If you can substitute that which for what in a sentence, use lo que, not que.

Examples using lo que:  No entiendo lo que dijo. I don’t understand what (that which) he said.  Lo que necesito es estudiar más. What (that which) I need is to study more.

Práctica – which relative pronoun should you use?  1. __________ una cosa  2. __________ un concepto  3. __________ una persona  4. __________ con dos amigos  5. __________ una idea

 1. That’s what I’m going to do. Eso es ________ voy a hacer.  2. That’s what you did? ¿Eso es ________ hiciste?  3. He’s the doctor I trust the most. Es el médico en _________ más confio.  4. The doctors who worked in Latin America speak Spanish very well. Los médicos ___________ trabajaron en Latinoamérica hablan español muy bien.  5. the doctors I worked with in Latin America speak English very well. Los médicos con _______ trabajé en Latinoamérica hablan inglés muy bien.  6. She’s the nurse who saw me. Ella es la enfermera ________ me vio.

Mafalda:

Consejos - Lo que debes hacer es… (escriban tres oraciones de consejos)  Modelo: Me duele la cabeza. Lo que debes hacer es tomar dos aspirinas. La persona con quien debes hablar es tu mamá. Ella va a saber lo que debes hacer.

Lo que debes hacer es… (escriban tres oraciones de consejos)  1. Tengo un resfriado horrible.  2. Tengo ganas de comer comida china esta noche.  3. No sé qué clases debo tomar el año que viene.  4. ¡Tengo tantas presiones horribles en mi vida privada en este momento!  Modelo: Me duele la cabeza. Lo que debes hacer es tomar dos aspirinas. La persona con quien debes hablar es tu mamá. Ella va a saber lo que debes hacer.